PMID- 16085346
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070308
LR  - 20181203
IS  - 0277-9536 (Print)
IS  - 0277-9536 (Linking)
VI  - 62
IP  - 3
DP  - 2006 Feb
TI  - Immunization in India 1993-1999: wealth, gender, and regional inequalities 
      revisited.
PG  - 694-706
AB  - Previously published evidence from the 1992-1993 Indian National Family and 
      Health Survey (NFHS) on the state of childhood immunization showed the importance 
      of analyzing immunization outcomes beyond national averages. Reported total 
      system failure (no immunization for all) in some low performance areas suggested 
      that improvements in immunization levels may come with a worsening of the 
      distribution of immunization based on wealth. In this paper, using the second 
      wave of the NFHS (1998-1999), we take a new snapshot of the situation and compare 
      it to 1992-1993, focusing on heterogeneities between states, rural-urban 
      differentials, gender differentials, and more specifically on wealth-related 
      inequalities. To assess whether improvements in overall immunization rates 
      (levels) were accompanied by distributional improvements, or conversely, whether 
      inequalities were reduced at the expense of overall achievement, we use a 
      recently developed methodology to calculate an inequality-adjusted achievement 
      index that captures performance both in terms of efficiency (change in levels) 
      and equity (distribution by wealth quintiles) for each of the 17 largest Indian 
      states. Comparing 1992-1993 to 1998-1999 achievements using different degrees of 
      "inequality aversion" provides no evidence that distributional improvements occur 
      at the expense of overall performance.
FAU - Gaudin, Sylvestre
AU  - Gaudin S
AD  - Department of Economics, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA. sylvestre.gaudin@oberlin.edu
FAU - Yazbeck, Abdo S
AU  - Yazbeck AS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20050808
PL  - England
TA  - Soc Sci Med
JT  - Social science & medicine (1982)
JID - 8303205
RN  - 0 (Vaccines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Child Health Services/economics/*statistics & numerical data/supply & 
      distribution
MH  - Health Care Surveys
MH  - Health Services Accessibility/*economics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunization Programs/economics/*statistics & numerical data/supply & 
      distribution
MH  - Income/*classification
MH  - India
MH  - Regional Health Planning/*economics/methods/standards
MH  - Resource Allocation/*economics/standards
MH  - Rural Health
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
MH  - Urban Health
MH  - Vaccines/economics/*supply & distribution
EDAT- 2005/08/09 09:00
MHDA- 2007/03/09 09:00
CRDT- 2005/08/09 09:00
PHST- 2004/07/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/06/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2005/08/09 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/03/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/08/09 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0277-9536(05)00344-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.042 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Soc Sci Med. 2006 Feb;62(3):694-706. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.06.042. Epub 
      2005 Aug 8.