PMID- 16098769
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060221
LR  - 20141021
IS  - 1059-1311 (Print)
IS  - 1059-1311 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 8
DP  - 2005 Dec
TI  - Long term effects on epileptiform activity with vagus nerve stimulation in 
      children.
PG  - 527-33
AB  - PURPOSE: We report long-term effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on 
      epileptiform activity in 15 children, and how these changes are related to 
      activity stage and to clinical effects on seizure reduction, seizure severity 
      (NHS3) and quality of life (QOL). METHODS: Initially, and after 3 and 9 months of 
      VNS-treatment, 15 children were investigated with 24 h ambulatory EEG monitoring 
      for spike detection. The number of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and 
      the inter spike intervals (ISIs) were analysed during 2 h in the awake state, and 
      1h of rapid eye movement (REM)-, spindle- and delta-sleep, respectively. Total 
      number and duration of electrographic seizure episodes were also analysed. 
      RESULTS: At 9 months the total number of IEDs was significantly reduced (p=0.04). 
      There was a tendency of reduction in all activity stages, and significantly so in 
      delta-sleep (p=0.008). Total electrographic seizure number was significantly 
      reduced in the 24 h EEG at 3 and 9 months (p=0.03, 0.05). There was a significant 
      concordance in direction of changes in epileptiform activity and electrographic 
      seizures at 9 months (p=0.04). Concordance in direction of changes was seen in 9 
      of 15 children between clinical seizures and IED (p>0.3), in 10 of 15 children 
      between QOL and IED (p=0.3) and in 8 of 15 children between NHS3 and IED (p>0.3). 
      There was no direct correlation between the extent of improvement in these 
      clinical data and the degree of spike reduction. CONCLUSION: This study shows 
      that VNS reduces IEDs especially in REM and delta sleep, as well as the number of 
      electrographic seizures. It also shows a concordance between reduction in IEDs 
      and electrographic seizures.
FAU - Hallbook, Tove
AU  - Hallbook T
AD  - Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden. 
      tove.hallbook@skane.se
FAU - Lundgren, Johan
AU  - Lundgren J
FAU - Blennow, Gosta
AU  - Blennow G
FAU - Stromblad, Lars-Goran
AU  - Stromblad LG
FAU - Rosen, Ingmar
AU  - Rosen I
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20050810
PL  - England
TA  - Seizure
JT  - Seizure
JID - 9306979
SB  - IM
MH  - Action Potentials/physiology/radiation effects
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - *Electric Stimulation Therapy
MH  - Electroencephalography/methods/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/physiopathology/*therapy
MH  - Female
MH  - Follow-Up Studies
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Single-Blind Method
MH  - Statistics, Nonparametric
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Vagus Nerve/physiopathology/*radiation effects
EDAT- 2005/08/16 09:00
MHDA- 2006/02/24 09:00
CRDT- 2005/08/16 09:00
PHST- 2004/11/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/08/16 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/02/24 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/08/16 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1059-1311(05)00123-8 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.seizure.2005.07.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Seizure. 2005 Dec;14(8):527-33. doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2005.07.004. Epub 2005 Aug 
      10.