PMID- 16160704
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060606
LR  - 20150311
IS  - 0893-133X (Print)
IS  - 0893-133X (Linking)
VI  - 31
IP  - 5
DP  - 2006 May
TI  - Acute effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on behavioral measures 
      of impulsivity: alone and in combination with alcohol.
PG  - 1048-55
AB  - The use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has frequently been 
      associated with increased levels of impulsivity during abstinence. The effects of 
      MDMA on measures of impulsivity, however, have not yet been studied during 
      intoxication. The present study was designed to assess the acute effects of MDMA 
      and alcohol, alone and in combination, on behavioral measures of impulsivity and 
      risk-taking behavior. A total of 18 recreational users of MDMA entered a 
      double-blind placebo-controlled six-way crossover study. The treatments consisted 
      of MDMA 0, 75, and 100 mg with and without alcohol. Alcohol dosing was designed 
      to achieve a peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of about 0.06 g/dl during 
      laboratory testing. Laboratory tests of impulsivity were conducted between 1.5 
      and 2 h post-MDMA and included a stop-signal task, a go/no-go task, and the Iowa 
      gambling task. MDMA decreased stop reaction time in the stop-signal task 
      indicating increased impulse control. Alcohol increased the proportion of 
      commission errors in the stop-signal task and the go/no-go task. Signal detection 
      analyses of alcohol-induced commission errors indicated that this effect may 
      reflect impairment of perceptual or attentive processing rather than an increase 
      of motor impulsivity per se. Performance in the Iowa gambling task was not 
      affected by MDMA and alcohol, but there was a nonsignificant tendency towards 
      improvement following alcohol intake. None of the behavioral measures of 
      impulsivity showed a MDMA x alcohol interaction effect. The lack of interaction 
      indicated that the CNS stimulant effects of MDMA were never sufficient to 
      overcome alcohol-induced impairment of impulse control or risk-taking behavior.
FAU - Ramaekers, Johannes G
AU  - Ramaekers JG
AD  - Experimental Psychopharmacology Unit, Department of Neurocognition, Faculty of 
      Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands. 
      j.ramaekers@psychology.unimaas.nl
FAU - Kuypers, Kim P C
AU  - Kuypers KP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Neuropsychopharmacology
JT  - Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of 
      Neuropsychopharmacology
JID - 8904907
RN  - 0 (Central Nervous System Depressants)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - 0 (Placebos)
RN  - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acute Disease
MH  - Adult
MH  - Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System/diagnosis/physiopathology
MH  - Brain/*drug effects/physiopathology
MH  - Central Nervous System Depressants/adverse effects/antagonists & inhibitors
MH  - Cross-Over Studies
MH  - Decision Making/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Ethanol/adverse effects/*antagonists & inhibitors
MH  - Female
MH  - Hallucinogens/adverse effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Impulsive Behavior/*chemically induced/diagnosis/physiopathology
MH  - Male
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*adverse effects
MH  - Neural Inhibition/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - Placebos
MH  - Psychomotor Performance/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Reaction Time/drug effects/physiology
EDAT- 2005/09/15 09:00
MHDA- 2006/06/07 09:00
CRDT- 2005/09/15 09:00
PHST- 2005/09/15 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/06/07 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/09/15 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 1300894 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/sj.npp.1300894 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006 May;31(5):1048-55. doi: 10.1038/sj.npp.1300894.