PMID- 16163516
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060413
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0033-3158 (Print)
IS  - 0033-3158 (Linking)
VI  - 183
IP  - 2
DP  - 2005 Dec
TI  - Thermoregulatory effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in humans.
PG  - 248-56
AB  - RATIONALE: Although 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA; Ecstasy) has been 
      reported to cause fatal hyperthermia, few studies of the effects of MDMA on core 
      body temperature in humans have been conducted demonstrating increased body 
      temperature. In rats, MDMA causes hyperthermia at warm ambient temperatures but 
      hypothermia at cold ones. OBJECTIVES: In this study, the physiological and 
      subjective effects of MDMA in humans were determined at cold (18 degrees C) and 
      warm (30 degrees C) ambient temperatures in a temperature and humidity-controlled 
      laboratory. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers who were recreational users of MDMA 
      were recruited. Four laboratory sessions were conducted in a 2x2 design [i.e., 
      two sessions at 30 degrees C and two at 18 degrees C, two during MDMA (2 mg/kg, 
      p.o.) and two during placebo, in double-blind fashion]. Core body temperature 
      (ingested radiotelemetry pill), skin temperature (four weighted sites), heart 
      rate, blood pressure, metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry), shivering 
      (electromyogram levels), and sweat rate (capacitance hygrometry) were measured as 
      well as subjective effects for several time periods following capsule ingestion. 
      RESULTS: MDMA produced significant elevations in core body temperature and 
      metabolic rate in both warm and cold conditions. MDMA also produced significant 
      elevations in blood pressure and heart rate and significantly increased several 
      ratings of subjective effects similar to those previously reported. There were no 
      differences related to ambient temperature for any of the subjective effects, 
      except that ratings of cold and warm were appropriate to the ambient temperature 
      and were not influenced by MDMA. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike findings in rats, MDMA 
      increased core body temperature regardless of ambient temperature in humans. 
      These increases appeared related to increases in metabolic rate, which were 
      substantial. These findings warrant further investigations on the role of MDMA 
      and other stimulants in altering metabolism and thermogenesis.
FAU - Freedman, Robert R
AU  - Freedman RR
AD  - Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University 
      School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA. aa2613@wayne.edu
FAU - Johanson, Chris-Ellyn
AU  - Johanson CE
FAU - Tancer, Manuel E
AU  - Tancer ME
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DA-14874/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20051109
PL  - Germany
TA  - Psychopharmacology (Berl)
JT  - Psychopharmacology
JID - 7608025
RN  - 0 (Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/*pharmacology
MH  - Adult
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Blood Pressure/drug effects
MH  - Body Temperature/*drug effects
MH  - Body Temperature Regulation/*drug effects
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Electromyography/methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Heart Rate/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*pharmacology
MH  - Oxygen Consumption/drug effects
MH  - Pain Measurement/drug effects
MH  - Skin Temperature/drug effects
MH  - Statistics as Topic
MH  - Telemetry/methods
EDAT- 2005/09/16 09:00
MHDA- 2006/04/14 09:00
CRDT- 2005/09/16 09:00
PHST- 2005/05/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/07/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2005/09/16 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/04/14 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/09/16 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00213-005-0149-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2005 Dec;183(2):248-56. doi: 
      10.1007/s00213-005-0149-6. Epub 2005 Nov 9.