PMID- 16163532
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070302
LR  - 20220129
IS  - 0033-3158 (Print)
IS  - 1432-2072 (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-3158 (Linking)
VI  - 189
IP  - 4
DP  - 2007 Jan
TI  - Neuropsychological function in ecstasy users: a study controlling for polydrug 
      use.
PG  - 505-16
AB  - RATIONALE: A number of studies have compared ecstasy users to control groups on 
      various measures of neuropsychological function in order to determine whether 
      ecstasy use results in lasting cognitive deficits. However, few of those studies 
      controlled adequately for non-ecstasy illicit drug use. OBJECTIVE: The aim of 
      this study was to investigate neuropsychological function in chronic ecstasy 
      users while controlling for polydrug use. METHODS: Neuropsychological function 
      was assessed in four groups-30 current 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) 
      users with a little history of illicit drug use other than ecstasy and cannabis, 
      30 polydrug controls, 30 drug-naive controls and 20 ex-MDMA users-using a battery 
      of well-validated, computerized neuropsychological tests. The battery focused on 
      memory, executive function, impulsivity and risk-taking. RESULTS: Few differences 
      were apparent between the groups, and on no measure were the current MDMA users 
      impaired significantly relative to the polydrug controls. However, within the 
      current MDMA users, questionnaire-measured impulsivity correlated with 
      performance on a number of tests-a relationship that was not apparent in the 
      controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data highlight the complexity in understanding the 
      current ecstasy literature and suggest that some individuals may be particularly 
      vulnerable to cognitive impairment following chronic use. Although no differences 
      were identified between the current MDMA users and the controls, trait 
      impulsiveness was significantly correlated with impairment on a number of 
      neuropsychological outcome measures in the MDMA users, but not in the controls. 
      These data suggest that impulsive individuals may be those most at risk for the 
      development of cognitive impairment following chronic ecstasy use.
FAU - Roiser, Jonathan P
AU  - Roiser JP
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, 
      Box 189, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK.
FAU - Rogers, Robert D
AU  - Rogers RD
FAU - Sahakian, Barbara J
AU  - Sahakian BJ
LA  - eng
GR  - 019407/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
GR  - G0001354/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20050915
PL  - Germany
TA  - Psychopharmacology (Berl)
JT  - Psychopharmacology
JID - 7608025
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amphetamine-Related Disorders/*etiology/psychology
MH  - Cognition/*drug effects
MH  - Cognition Disorders/*chemically induced/psychology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Decision Making/drug effects
MH  - Hallucinogens/*adverse effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Impulsive Behavior/chemically induced
MH  - Memory/drug effects
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*adverse effects
MH  - Research Design
MH  - Risk-Taking
PMC - PMC2653936
MID - UKMS2828
OID - NLM: UKMS2828
EDAT- 2005/09/16 09:00
MHDA- 2007/03/03 09:00
PMCR- 2009/03/10
CRDT- 2005/09/16 09:00
PHST- 2005/06/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/06/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2005/09/16 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/03/03 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/09/16 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2009/03/10 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1007/s00213-005-0101-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Jan;189(4):505-16. doi: 
      10.1007/s00213-005-0101-9. Epub 2005 Sep 15.