PMID- 16196417
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060123
LR  - 20190814
IS  - 0024-4201 (Print)
IS  - 0024-4201 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 7
DP  - 2005 Jul
TI  - Fish oil supplementation of lactating mothers affects cytokine production in 2 
      1/2-year-old children.
PG  - 669-76
AB  - n-3 PUFA influence immune functioning and may affect the cytokine phenotype 
      during development. To examine whether maternal fish oil supplementation during 
      lactation could modify later immune responses in children, 122 lactating Danish 
      mothers with a fish intake below the population median were randomized to groups 
      supplemented for the first 4 mon of lactation with 4.5 g/d of fish oil 
      (equivalent to 1.5 g/d of n-3 long-chain PUFA) or olive oil. Fifty-three mothers 
      with a fish intake in the highest quartile of the population were also included. 
      The FA composition of erythrocyte membranes was measured at 4 mon and at 2 1/2 
      yr. Plasma immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels and cytokine production in 
      lipopolysaccharide-stimulated whole-blood cultures were determined at 2 1/2 yr. 
      Erythrocyte n-3 PUFA at 4 mon were higher in infants from the fish oil group 
      compared with the olive oil group (P < 0.001) but were no longer different at 2 
      1/2 yr. The median production of lipopolysaccharide-induced interferon gamma 
      (IFN-gamma) in the fish oil group was fourfold higher than that in the olive oil 
      group (P = 0.034), whereas interleukin-10 (IL-10) production was similar. The 
      IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio was twofold higher in the fish oil group (P = 0.019) and 
      was positively correlated with 20:5n-3/20:4n-6 in erythrocytes at 4 mon (P = 
      0.050). The percentages of atopic children and plasma IgE were not different in 
      the two groups, but the study was not designed to look at atopy. Cytokine 
      responses and erythrocyte FA composition in children of mothers with a high fish 
      intake were intermediate in comparison with those in the randomized groups. Fish 
      oil supplementation during lactation resulted in increased in vitro IFN-gamma 
      production in the children 2 yr after the supplementation was given, which may 
      reflect a faster maturation of the immune system.
FAU - Lauritzen, Lotte
AU  - Lauritzen L
AD  - Center for Advanced Food Studies, Department of Human Nutrition, The Royal 
      Veterinary & Agricultural University, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark. ll@kvl.dk
FAU - Kjaer, Tanja M R
AU  - Kjaer TM
FAU - Fruekilde, Maj-Britt
AU  - Fruekilde MB
FAU - Michaelsen, Kim F
AU  - Michaelsen KF
FAU - Frokiaer, Hanne
AU  - Frokiaer H
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Randomized Controlled Trial
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Lipids
JT  - Lipids
JID - 0060450
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Fish Oils)
RN  - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
SB  - IM
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cytokines/*biosynthesis
MH  - *Dietary Supplements
MH  - Female
MH  - Fish Oils/*administration & dosage
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin E/blood
MH  - *Lactation
MH  - Male
MH  - *Mothers
EDAT- 2005/10/04 09:00
MHDA- 2006/01/24 09:00
CRDT- 2005/10/04 09:00
PHST- 2005/10/04 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/01/24 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/10/04 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s11745-005-1429-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Lipids. 2005 Jul;40(7):669-76. doi: 10.1007/s11745-005-1429-6.