PMID- 16204637
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060209
LR  - 20071114
IS  - 0741-5400 (Print)
IS  - 0741-5400 (Linking)
VI  - 78
IP  - 6
DP  - 2005 Dec
TI  - Are chemokines the third major system in the brain?
PG  - 1204-9
AB  - Chemokines are a family of small proteins involved in cellular migration and 
      intercellular communication. Although the chemokines and their receptors are 
      located throughout the brain, they are not distributed uniformly. Among the 
      chemokines and their receptors that are arrayed disproportionately in glia and 
      neurons are monocyte chemotactic protein-1/CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), stromal 
      cell-derived factor-1/CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), fractalkine/CX3C 
      chemokine ligand 1, interferon-gamma-inducible-protein-10/CXCL10, macrophage 
      inflammatory protein-1alpha/CCL3, and regulated on activation, normal T cell 
      expressed and secreted/CCL5. In the brain, they are found in the hypothalamus, 
      nucleus accumbens, limbic system, hippocampus, thalamus, cortex, and cerebellum. 
      The uneven distribution suggests that there may be functional roles for the 
      chemokine "system," comprised of chemokine ligands and their receptors. In 
      addition to anatomical, immunohistochemical, and in vitro studies establishing 
      the expression of the chemokine ligands and receptors, there is an increasing 
      body of research that suggests that the chemokine system plays a crucial role in 
      brain development and function. Our data indicate that the chemokine system can 
      alter the actions of neuronally active pharmacological agents including the 
      opioids and cannabinoids. Combined with evidence that the chemokine system in the 
      brain interacts with neurotransmitter systems, we propose the following 
      hypothesis: The endogenous chemokine system in the brain acts in concert with the 
      neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems to govern brain function. The chemokine 
      system can thus be thought of as the third major transmitter system in the brain.
FAU - Adler, Martin W
AU  - Adler MW
AD  - Center for Substance Abuse Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple 
      University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. 
      baldeagl@temple.edu
FAU - Rogers, Thomas J
AU  - Rogers TJ
LA  - eng
GR  - DA-P30-13429/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA06650/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA07237/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA14230/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Review
DEP - 20051004
PL  - England
TA  - J Leukoc Biol
JT  - Journal of leukocyte biology
JID - 8405628
RN  - 0 (Chemokines)
RN  - 0 (Neuropeptides)
RN  - 0 (Neurotransmitter Agents)
RN  - 0 (Psychotropic Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Chemokine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/*immunology
MH  - Cell Communication/*immunology
MH  - Chemokines/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Neuroglia/drug effects/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Neurons/drug effects/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Neuropeptides/metabolism
MH  - Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism
MH  - Psychotropic Drugs/pharmacology
MH  - Receptors, Chemokine/*immunology
MH  - Signal Transduction/*immunology
RF  - 39
EDAT- 2005/10/06 09:00
MHDA- 2006/02/10 09:00
CRDT- 2005/10/06 09:00
PHST- 2005/10/06 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/02/10 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/10/06 09:00 [entrez]
AID - jlb.0405222 [pii]
AID - 10.1189/jlb.0405222 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Dec;78(6):1204-9. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0405222. Epub 2005 Oct 4.