PMID- 16216534
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060321
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1053-8119 (Print)
IS  - 1053-8119 (Linking)
VI  - 29
IP  - 2
DP  - 2006 Jan 15
TI  - Trauma modulates amygdala and medial prefrontal responses to consciously attended 
      fear.
PG  - 347-57
AB  - Effective fear processing relies on the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex 
      (MPFC). Post-trauma reactions provide a compelling model for examining how the 
      heightened experience of fear impacts these systems. Post-traumatic stress 
      disorder (PTSD) has been associated with excessive amygdala and a lack of MPFC 
      activity in response to nonconscious facial signals of fear, but responses to 
      consciously processed facial fear stimuli have not been examined. We used 
      functional MRI to elucidate the effect of trauma reactions on amygdala-MPFC 
      function during an overt fear perception task. Subjects with PTSD (n = 13) and 
      matched non-traumatized healthy subjects (n = 13) viewed 15 blocks of eight 
      fearful face stimuli alternating pseudorandomly with 15 blocks of neutral faces 
      (stimulus duration 500 ms; ISI 767 ms). We used random effects analyses in SPM2 
      to examine within- and between-group differences in the MPFC and amygdala search 
      regions of interest. Time series data were used to examine amygdala-MPFC 
      associations and changes across the first (Early) versus second (Late) phases of 
      the experiment. Relative to non-traumatized subjects, PTSD subjects showed a 
      marked bilateral reduction in MPFC activity (in particular, right anterior 
      cingulate cortex, ACC), which showed a different Early-Late pattern to 
      non-traumatized subjects and was more pronounced with greater trauma impact and 
      symptomatology. PTSD subjects also showed a small but significant enhancement in 
      left amygdala activity, most apparent during the Late phase, but reduction in 
      Early right amygdala response. Over the time course, trauma was related to a 
      distinct pattern of ACC and amygdala connections. The findings suggest that major 
      life trauma may disrupt the normal pattern of medial prefrontal and amygdala 
      regulation.
FAU - Williams, Leanne M
AU  - Williams LM
AD  - Brain Dynamics Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. 
      lea@psych.usyd.edu.au
FAU - Kemp, Andrew H
AU  - Kemp AH
FAU - Felmingham, Kim
AU  - Felmingham K
FAU - Barton, Matthew
AU  - Barton M
FAU - Olivieri, Gloria
AU  - Olivieri G
FAU - Peduto, Anthony
AU  - Peduto A
FAU - Gordon, Evian
AU  - Gordon E
FAU - Bryant, Richard A
AU  - Bryant RA
LA  - eng
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20051010
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroimage
JT  - NeuroImage
JID - 9215515
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Amygdala/*injuries/*physiopathology
MH  - Brain Hemorrhage, Traumatic/*physiopathology/*psychology
MH  - Echo-Planar Imaging
MH  - Facial Expression
MH  - Fear/*physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
MH  - Male
MH  - Prefrontal Cortex/*injuries/*physiopathology
MH  - Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/*physiopathology/*psychology
MH  - Warfare
EDAT- 2005/10/12 09:00
MHDA- 2006/03/22 09:00
CRDT- 2005/10/12 09:00
PHST- 2004/08/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/03/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2005/03/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2005/10/12 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/03/22 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/10/12 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1053-8119(05)00542-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.03.047 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroimage. 2006 Jan 15;29(2):347-57. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.03.047. Epub 
      2005 Oct 10.