PMID- 16229750
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20071011
LR  - 20111117
IS  - 1462-3994 (Electronic)
IS  - 1462-3994 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 23
DP  - 2005 Oct 17
TI  - HLA , CTLA-4 and PTPN22 : the shared genetic master-key to autoimmunity?
PG  - 1-15
AB  - Several genetic loci appear to be involved in susceptibility to autoimmune 
      disease. Some loci are disease specific, whereas others appear to exert a general 
      effect on the autoimmune disease process. Despite a large number of studies of 
      many different diseases, consistent associations with multiple autoimmune 
      disorders have been restricted to three gene regions: the human leukocyte antigen 
      (HLA) class II region on chromosome 6p21, the gene encoding cytotoxic T 
      lymphocyte-associated 4 (CTLA-4) on chromosome 2q33, and the PTPN22 gene encoding 
      lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP) on chromosome 1p13. Each of these loci is 
      likely to encode molecules that are crucial in the immune cascade and are 
      actively involved in T-cell activation. Moreover, gene polymorphisms that affect 
      function might contribute to the triggering of autoimmune disease by 
      as-yet-unknown mechanisms. This review summarises recent developments and current 
      understanding of the way in which molecules encoded by these susceptibility loci 
      contribute to T-cell activation, and hypothesises how aberrant function of these 
      molecules might trigger autoimmunity.
FAU - Brand, Oliver
AU  - Brand O
AD  - Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical 
      Research, University of Birmingham, Wolfson Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 
      2TT, UK. ojb049@bham.ac.uk
FAU - Gough, Stephen
AU  - Gough S
FAU - Heward, Joanne
AU  - Heward J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20051017
PL  - England
TA  - Expert Rev Mol Med
JT  - Expert reviews in molecular medicine
JID - 100939725
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Differentiation)
RN  - 0 (CTLA-4 Antigen)
RN  - 0 (CTLA4 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.48 (PTPN22 protein, human)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.48 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.48 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antigens, CD/*genetics/physiology
MH  - Antigens, Differentiation/*genetics/physiology
MH  - Autoimmune Diseases/enzymology/*genetics/immunology
MH  - CTLA-4 Antigen
MH  - *Genetic Predisposition to Disease
MH  - HLA Antigens/*genetics/physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22
MH  - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/*genetics/physiology
RF  - 85
EDAT- 2005/10/19 09:00
MHDA- 2007/10/12 09:00
CRDT- 2005/10/19 09:00
PHST- 2005/10/19 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/10/12 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/10/19 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1462399405009981 [pii]
AID - 10.1017/S1462399405009981 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Expert Rev Mol Med. 2005 Oct 17;7(23):1-15. doi: 10.1017/S1462399405009981.