PMID- 16254432
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20051230
LR  - 20111117
IS  - 0301-0163 (Print)
IS  - 0301-0163 (Linking)
VI  - 64
IP  - 4
DP  - 2005
TI  - Immunogenetics of type 1 diabetes.
PG  - 180-8
AB  - The T-cell mediated autoimmune process that destroys pancreatic beta cells in 
      type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex phenotype influenced by multiple genetic and 
      environmental factors. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) accounts for about half of 
      the genetic susceptibility, through a large variety of protective and 
      predisposing haplotypes. Other important loci associated with T1D, with much 
      smaller effects than HLA, include the insulin variable number of tandem repeats, 
      PTPN22, and CTLA-4. Detecting the association and confirming it beyond doubt is 
      only the first step. Identifying the functional variant from among a block of 
      polymorphisms in tight linkage disequilibrium and determining its biological 
      consequences can be an even more challenging task. It is hoped that the 
      identification of additional loci and functional analysis of known ones, no 
      matter how small each individual effect is, will provide: (1) pathophysiological 
      insights necessary for the development of preventive interventions; (2) risk 
      prediction to identify individuals that can benefit from them, and (3) 
      potentially, identification of distinct subgenotypes, with different immune 
      dysregulation pathways leading to the common disease phenotype that may respond 
      to different preventive interventions.
CI  - (c) 2005 S. Karger AG, Basel.
FAU - Kim, Mimi S
AU  - Kim MS
AD  - Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, 
      Canada.
FAU - Polychronakos, Constantin
AU  - Polychronakos C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20051024
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Horm Res
JT  - Hormone research
JID - 0366126
RN  - 0 (Antigens, CD)
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Differentiation)
RN  - 0 (CTLA-4 Antigen)
RN  - 0 (CTLA4 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class II)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.48 (PTPN22 protein, human)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.48 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.48 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22)
RN  - EC 3.1.3.48 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antigens, CD
MH  - Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
MH  - CTLA-4 Antigen
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*genetics/*immunology
MH  - Environment
MH  - Genetic Predisposition to Disease
MH  - HLA Antigens/genetics
MH  - Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin/genetics
MH  - Minisatellite Repeats/genetics
MH  - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 1
MH  - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22
MH  - Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
RF  - 59
EDAT- 2005/10/29 09:00
MHDA- 2005/12/31 09:00
CRDT- 2005/10/29 09:00
PHST- 2005/10/29 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/12/31 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/10/29 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 89190 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000089190 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Horm Res. 2005;64(4):180-8. doi: 10.1159/000089190. Epub 2005 Oct 24.