PMID- 16260170
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060818
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1350-4533 (Print)
IS  - 1350-4533 (Linking)
VI  - 28
IP  - 6
DP  - 2006 Jul
TI  - Electroactive polymeric sensors in hand prostheses: bending response of an ionic 
      polymer metal composite.
PG  - 568-78
AB  - In stark contrast to the inspiring functionality of the natural hand, limitations 
      of current upper limb prostheses stemming from marginal feedback control, 
      challenges of mechanical design, and lack of sensory capacity, are 
      well-established. This paper provides a critical review of current sensory 
      systems and the potential of a selection of electroactive polymers for sensory 
      applications in hand prostheses. Candidate electroactive polymers are reviewed in 
      terms of their relevant advantages and disadvantages, together with their current 
      implementation in related applications. Empirical analysis of one of the most 
      novel electroactive polymers, ionic polymer metal composites (IPMC), was 
      conducted to demonstrate its potential for prosthetic applications. With linear 
      responses within the operating range typical of hand prostheses, bending angles, 
      and bending rates were accurately measured with 4.4+/-2.5 and 4.8+/-3.5% error, 
      respectively, using the IPMC sensors. With these comparable error rates to 
      traditional resistive bend sensors and a wide range of sensitivities and 
      responses, electroactive polymers offer a promising alternative to more 
      traditional sensory approaches. Their potential role in prosthetics is further 
      heightened by their flexible and formable structure, and their ability to act as 
      both sensors and actuators.
FAU - Biddiss, Elaine
AU  - Biddiss E
AD  - Bloorview Research Institute, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, Ont., Canada M4G 1R8.
FAU - Chau, Tom
AU  - Chau T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20051102
PL  - England
TA  - Med Eng Phys
JT  - Medical engineering & physics
JID - 9422753
RN  - 0 (Biocompatible Materials)
RN  - 0 (Ions)
RN  - 0 (Metals)
RN  - 0 (Polymers)
RN  - 0 (Polyvinyls)
RN  - 24937-79-9 (polyvinylidene fluoride)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Artificial Limbs
MH  - Biocompatible Materials
MH  - Biomechanical Phenomena
MH  - Biomedical Engineering/methods
MH  - Hand/*pathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ions
MH  - Metals/*chemistry
MH  - *Polymers/chemistry
MH  - Polyvinyls/pharmacology
MH  - Prostheses and Implants
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Transducers
EDAT- 2005/11/02 09:00
MHDA- 2006/08/19 09:00
CRDT- 2005/11/02 09:00
PHST- 2005/04/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/09/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2005/09/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2005/11/02 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/08/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/11/02 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1350-4533(05)00212-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.medengphy.2005.09.009 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Med Eng Phys. 2006 Jul;28(6):568-78. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2005.09.009. Epub 
      2005 Nov 2.