PMID- 16260284
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20051202
LR  - 20061115
IS  - 0076-6879 (Print)
IS  - 0076-6879 (Linking)
VI  - 397
DP  - 2005
TI  - Anammox organisms: enrichment, cultivation, and environmental analysis.
PG  - 34-57
AB  - Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is the microbial oxidation of ammonium 
      with nitrite to dinitrogen gas under strict anoxic conditions mediated by 
      planctomycete-like bacteria. Anammox is not only important in the oceanic 
      nitrogen cycle, but can also contribute substantially to nitrogen removal in 
      municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. This chapter addresses the 
      enrichment and cultivation of anammox bacteria in a sequencing batch reactor 
      (SBR) and a gas lift reactor. The reactors can be operated anoxically as an 
      anammox reactor or as an oxygen-limited "completely autotrophic nitrogen removal 
      over nitrite" (CANON) system. Pure cultures of anammox organisms have not yet 
      been obtained, but anammox cells can be purified to more than 99.5% using a 
      Percoll density gradient centrifugation protocol. Furthermore, we show how 
      anammox communities in natural and man-made ecosystems can be identified and 
      characterized using molecular methods such as fluorescence in situ hybridization 
      (FISH) or Planctomycetes/anammox-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Both 
      techniques are based on retrieved 16S rRNA gene sequences. In addition to 16S 
      rRNA, unique anammox ladderane lipids can also serve as biomarkers to determine 
      the abundance of anammox organisms in environmental samples.
FAU - Jetten, Mike
AU  - Jetten M
AD  - Department of Microbiology, Institute for Water & Wetland Research, Radboud 
      University Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
FAU - Schmid, Markus
AU  - Schmid M
FAU - van de Pas-Schoonen, Katinka
AU  - van de Pas-Schoonen K
FAU - Sinninghe Damste, Jaap
AU  - Sinninghe Damste J
FAU - Strous, Marc
AU  - Strous M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Methods Enzymol
JT  - Methods in enzymology
JID - 0212271
RN  - 0 (Membrane Lipids)
RN  - 0 (Nitrites)
RN  - 0 (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
SB  - IM
MH  - Anaerobiosis
MH  - Bacteria, Anaerobic/genetics/growth & development/*isolation & purification
MH  - Bioreactors
MH  - Centrifugation, Density Gradient
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence/methods
MH  - Membrane Lipids/analysis
MH  - Nitrites/metabolism
MH  - Oxidation-Reduction
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/*metabolism
MH  - RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
MH  - Sewage/microbiology
MH  - Water Microbiology
EDAT- 2005/11/02 09:00
MHDA- 2005/12/13 09:00
CRDT- 2005/11/02 09:00
PHST- 2005/11/02 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2005/12/13 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/11/02 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0076-6879(05)97003-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)97003-1 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Methods Enzymol. 2005;397:34-57. doi: 10.1016/S0076-6879(05)97003-1.