PMID- 16286856
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060119
LR  - 20190902
IS  - 0195-9131 (Print)
IS  - 0195-9131 (Linking)
VI  - 37
IP  - 11
DP  - 2005 Nov
TI  - Delayed leukocytosis and cytokine response to high-force eccentric exercise.
PG  - 1877-83
AB  - PURPOSE: Delayed leukocytosis after strenuous exercise is well documented, but 
      the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we investigated the 
      relationship between exercise-induced muscle damage and delayed leukocytosis, by 
      utilizing an extreme eccentric exercise protocol. METHODS: We obtained blood 
      samples from 11 healthy men before and after 300 maximal eccentric actions with 
      m. quadriceps. Maximal force-generating capacity was tested before and regularly 
      during the 7 d after exercise. Blood was analyzed for leukocytes, growth hormone 
      (GH), cortisol, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage 
      colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte 
      chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta 
      (MIP-1beta), creatine kinase (CK), C-reactive protein (CRP), complement 
      activation products (C3bc and the terminal complement complex (TCC)), and 
      chemotactic activity in plasma. RESULTS: The force-generating capacity was 
      reduced by 47 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM) immediately after exercise. Blood 
      concentration of neutrophils and monocytes and the plasma concentration of G-CSF, 
      IL-6, and MCP-1 peaked 6 h after exercise, whereas M-CSF peaked immediately after 
      exercise. Serum concentration of GH and cortisol also peaked immediately after 
      exercise, whereas the serum concentration of CRP and CK peaked after 2 and 4 d, 
      respectively. At 1 h after exercise, chemotactic activity in plasma was 
      increased; at the same time, concentration of C3bc and TCC were decreased. A 
      positive correlation was found between the acute loss of force and the delayed 
      leukocytosis (r = 0.66; P < 0.05), between peak G-CSF and the delayed 
      neutrophilia (r = 0.65, P < 0.05), between acute loss of force and changes in CK 
      (r = 0.65, P < 0.05), between acute loss of force and changes in CRP (r = 0.65, P 
      < 0.05), and between changes in GH and monocyte blood concentrations (r = 0.68, P 
      < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The degree of exercise-induced muscle damage seems to be 
      reflected by the magnitude of the subsequent delayed leukocytosis. The signal 
      between the exercised muscle and bone marrow must be investigated further, but 
      G-CSF and GH are putative mobilizing factors.
FAU - Paulsen, Goran
AU  - Paulsen G
AD  - Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo. goran.paulsen@nih.no
FAU - Benestad, Haakon B
AU  - Benestad HB
FAU - Strom-Gundersen, Inger
AU  - Strom-Gundersen I
FAU - Morkrid, Lars
AU  - Morkrid L
FAU - Lappegard, Knut Tore
AU  - Lappegard KT
FAU - Raastad, Truls
AU  - Raastad T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Med Sci Sports Exerc
JT  - Medicine and science in sports and exercise
JID - 8005433
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Bone Marrow/physiology
MH  - Chemotaxis
MH  - Cytokines/biosynthesis/blood
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Leukocytosis
MH  - Male
MH  - Monocytes
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/immunology/*pathology
MH  - Neutrophils
MH  - Time Factors
EDAT- 2005/11/16 09:00
MHDA- 2006/01/20 09:00
CRDT- 2005/11/16 09:00
PHST- 2005/11/16 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/01/20 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/11/16 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 00005768-200511000-00008 [pii]
AID - 10.1249/01.mss.0000177064.65927.98 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 Nov;37(11):1877-83. doi: 
      10.1249/01.mss.0000177064.65927.98.