PMID- 16293103
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060718
LR  - 20161020
IS  - 0248-4900 (Print)
IS  - 0248-4900 (Linking)
VI  - 98
IP  - 5
DP  - 2006 May
TI  - Regulation of nitric oxide production in snail (Lymnaea stagnalis) defence cells: 
      a role for PKC and ERK signalling pathways.
PG  - 265-78
AB  - BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule in innate 
      immune responses. In molluscs NO is produced by mobile defence cells called 
      haemocytes; however, the molecular mechanisms that regulate NO production in 
      these cells is poorly understood. The present study focused on the role of cell 
      signalling pathways in NO production by primary haemocytes from the snail Lymnaea 
      stagnalis. RESULTS: When haemocytes were challenged with PMA (10 microM) or the 
      beta-1,3-glucan laminarin (10 mg/ml), an 8-fold and 4-fold increase in NO 
      production were observed after 60 min respectively. Moreover, the NOS (NO 
      synthase) inhibitors L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) and L-NMMA 
      (N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine) were found to block laminarin- and PMA-induced NO 
      synthesis. Treatment of haemocytes with PMA or laminarin also increased the 
      phosphorylation (activation) status of PKC (protein kinase C). When haemocytes 
      were preincubated with PKC inhibitors (calphostin C or GF109203X) or inhibitors 
      of the ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) pathway (PD98059 or U0126) 
      prior to challenge, significant reductions in PKC and ERK phosphorylation and NO 
      production were observed following exposure to laminarin or PMA. The greatest 
      effect on NO production was seen with GF109203X and U0126, with PMA-induced NO 
      production inhibited by 94% and 87% and laminarin-induced NO production by 50% 
      and 91% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that ERK and PKC comprise 
      part of the signalling machinery that regulates NOS activation and subsequent 
      production of NO in molluscan haemocytes. To our knowledge, this is the first 
      report that shows a role for these signalling proteins in the generation of NO in 
      invertebrate defence cells.
FAU - Wright, Bernice
AU  - Wright B
AD  - School of Life Sciences, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK.
FAU - Lacchini, Audrey H
AU  - Lacchini AH
FAU - Davies, Angela J
AU  - Davies AJ
FAU - Walker, Anthony J
AU  - Walker AJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Biol Cell
JT  - Biology of the cell
JID - 8108529
RN  - 0 (4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate)
RN  - 0 (Fluoresceins)
RN  - 0 (Glucans)
RN  - 0 (Polysaccharides)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
RN  - 9008-22-4 (laminaran)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.13 (Protein Kinase C)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.24 (Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases)
RN  - NI40JAQ945 (Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/*metabolism
MH  - Fluoresceins
MH  - Glucans
MH  - Hemocytes/enzymology/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - In Vitro Techniques
MH  - Lymnaea/enzymology/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Nitric Oxide/*biosynthesis
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Polysaccharides/immunology
MH  - Protein Kinase C/*metabolism
MH  - *Signal Transduction
MH  - Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/immunology
EDAT- 2005/11/19 09:00
MHDA- 2006/07/19 09:00
CRDT- 2005/11/19 09:00
PHST- 2005/11/19 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/07/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2005/11/19 09:00 [entrez]
AID - BC20050066 [pii]
AID - 10.1042/BC20050066 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Biol Cell. 2006 May;98(5):265-78. doi: 10.1042/BC20050066.