PMID- 16386231
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060321
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 0001-706X (Print)
IS  - 0001-706X (Linking)
VI  - 97
IP  - 2
DP  - 2006 Feb
TI  - Use of circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) dipsticks for detection of intestinal 
      and urinary schistosomiasis.
PG  - 219-28
AB  - An evaluation of a commercially available antigen capture dipstick that detects 
      schistosome circulating cathodic antigen (CCA) in urine was conducted in 
      representative endemic areas for intestinal and urinary schistosomiasis in Uganda 
      and Zanzibar, respectively. Under field-based conditions, the sensitivity (SS) 
      and specificity (SP) of the dipstick was 83 and 81% for detection of Schistosoma 
      mansoni infections while positive predictive (PPV) and negative predictive values 
      (NPV) were 84%. Light egg-positive infections were sometimes CCA-negative while 
      CCA-positives included egg-negative children. A positive association between 
      faecal egg output and intensity of CCA test band was observed. Estimating 
      prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis by school with dipsticks was highly 
      correlated (r=0.95) with Kato-Katz stool examinations, typically within +/-8.5%. 
      In Zanzibar, however, dipsticks totally failed to detect S. haematobium despite 
      examining children with egg-patent schistosomiasis. This was also later 
      corroborated by further surveys in Niger and Burkina Faso. Laboratory testing of 
      dipsticks with aqueous adult worm lysates from several reference species showed 
      correct functioning, however, dipsticks failed to detect CCA in urine from S. 
      haematobium-infected hamsters. While CCA dipsticks are a good alternative, or 
      complement, to stool microscopy for field diagnosis of intestinal 
      schistosomiasis, they have no proven value for field diagnosis of urinary 
      schistosomiasis. At approximately 2.6 US dollars per dipstick, they are presently 
      too expensive to be cost-effective for wide scale use in disease mapping surveys 
      unless Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) strategies are developed.
FAU - Stothard, J Russell
AU  - Stothard JR
AD  - Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK. 
      r.stothard@nhm.ac.uk
FAU - Kabatereine, Narcis B
AU  - Kabatereine NB
FAU - Tukahebwa, Edridah M
AU  - Tukahebwa EM
FAU - Kazibwe, Francis
AU  - Kazibwe F
FAU - Rollinson, David
AU  - Rollinson D
FAU - Mathieson, William
AU  - Mathieson W
FAU - Webster, Joanne P
AU  - Webster JP
FAU - Fenwick, Alan
AU  - Fenwick A
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20051228
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Acta Trop
JT  - Acta tropica
JID - 0370374
RN  - 0 (Antigens, Helminth)
RN  - 0 (CCA protein, Schistosoma mansoni)
RN  - 0 (Glycoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Helminth Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Reagent Strips)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigens, Helminth/chemistry/*urine
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Feces/parasitology
MH  - Female
MH  - Glycoproteins/*urine
MH  - Helminth Proteins/*urine
MH  - Humans
MH  - Longitudinal Studies
MH  - Male
MH  - Parasite Egg Count
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Quality Control
MH  - *Reagent Strips/economics
MH  - Schistosoma haematobium/*isolation & purification
MH  - Schistosoma mansoni/*isolation & purification
MH  - Schistosomiasis haematobia/epidemiology/parasitology/*urine
MH  - Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology/parasitology/*urine
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Tanzania/epidemiology
MH  - Uganda/epidemiology
EDAT- 2006/01/03 09:00
MHDA- 2006/03/22 09:00
CRDT- 2006/01/03 09:00
PHST- 2005/07/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/11/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2005/11/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/01/03 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/03/22 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/01/03 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0001-706X(05)00344-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.11.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acta Trop. 2006 Feb;97(2):219-28. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.11.004. Epub 
      2005 Dec 28.