PMID- 16386385
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061109
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0378-1135 (Print)
IS  - 0378-1135 (Linking)
VI  - 114
IP  - 3-4
DP  - 2006 May 31
TI  - Phylogenetic analysis of ORF5 and ORF7 sequences of porcine reproductive and 
      respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from PRRS-positive Italian farms: a showcase 
      for PRRSV epidemiology and its consequences on farm management.
PG  - 214-24
AB  - We investigated the dynamics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome 
      virus (PRRSV) variability in a range of swine PRRS-positive farms located in 
      Northern Italy, to provide insights into the epidemiology and diffusion of the 
      virus, particularly throughout the entire swine production chain. In this 
      context, we also examined the effectiveness and the critical points of a recently 
      developed gilts acclimatization program in swine breeder farms. To achieve these 
      aims, we designed new primers and determined 64 complete open reading frame 5 
      (ORF5) sequences, representing Italian PRRSV field strains and the European 
      vaccine Porcilis strain (Intervet); in addition, the more conserved ORF7 of 11 
      PRRSV strains were sequenced. The domains' prediction of their putative protein 
      sequences was performed as well. Based on these sequences, phylogenetic trees 
      were inferred which revealed a high degree of variability among the PRRSV Italian 
      strains. The outcomes of the phylogenetic analysis showed that the most frequent 
      source of infection in PRRS-positive farms (sow herds, nursery sites, fattening 
      units) was the introduction of animals carrying a new variant and not the 
      modification of already present variants; moreover, the integration of data from 
      phylogenetic analysis and from the clinical and serological status of the swine 
      herds suggested that the acclimatization program could be a valid tool to 
      stabilize the PRRS clinical picture in farms, only when applied in combination 
      with rigorous bio-security routine management and avoid the incoming of new PRRSV 
      variants.
FAU - Pesente, Patrizia
AU  - Pesente P
AD  - Laboratorio Tre Valli, Corte Pellegrina, San Martino Buon Albergo, 37036 Verona, 
      Italy. patrizia.pesente@aia-spa.it
FAU - Rebonato, Valeria
AU  - Rebonato V
FAU - Sandri, Gianpietro
AU  - Sandri G
FAU - Giovanardi, Davide
AU  - Giovanardi D
FAU - Ruffoni, Luigi Sperati
AU  - Ruffoni LS
FAU - Torriani, Sandra
AU  - Torriani S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20051228
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Vet Microbiol
JT  - Veterinary microbiology
JID - 7705469
RN  - 0 (Viral Envelope Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - 0 (glycoprotein 5, PRRSV)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Sequence
MH  - Animal Husbandry/*methods
MH  - Animals
MH  - Base Sequence
MH  - Female
MH  - Italy/epidemiology
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - Open Reading Frames
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods/veterinary
MH  - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/*epidemiology/prevention & 
      control/*virology
MH  - Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome 
      virus/*classification/*genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity
MH  - Swine
MH  - Viral Envelope Proteins
MH  - Viral Proteins/*analysis/classification/genetics
EDAT- 2006/01/03 09:00
MHDA- 2006/11/11 09:00
CRDT- 2006/01/03 09:00
PHST- 2005/06/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/11/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2005/11/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/01/03 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/11/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/01/03 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0378-1135(05)00448-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.061 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Vet Microbiol. 2006 May 31;114(3-4):214-24. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.11.061. 
      Epub 2005 Dec 28.