PMID- 16391411
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061207
LR  - 20181203
IS  - 0867-5910 (Print)
IS  - 0867-5910 (Linking)
VI  - 56
IP  - 4
DP  - 2005 Dec
TI  - From nerves and hormones to bacteria in the stomach; Nobel prize for achievements 
      in gastrology during last century.
PG  - 507-30
AB  - Rapid progress in gastroenterological research, during past century, was 
      initiated by the discovery by W. Prout in early 18th century of the presence of 
      inorganic, hydrochloric acid in the stomach and by I.P. Pavlov at the end of 19th 
      century of neuro-reflex stimulation of secretion of this acid that was awarded by 
      Nobel prize in 1904. Then, J. W. Black, who followed L. Popielski's concept of 
      histamine involvement in the stimulation of this secretion, was awarded second 
      Nobel prize in gastrology within the same century for the identification of 
      histamine H2-receptor (H2-R) antagonists, potent gastric acid inhibitors, 
      accelerating ulcer healing. The concept of H2-R interaction with other receptors 
      such as muscarinic receptors (M3-R), mediating the action of acetylocholine 
      released from local cholinergic nerves, and those mediating the action of gastrin 
      (CCK2-R) on parietal cells, has been confirmed both in vivo studies and in vitro 
      isolated parietal cells. The discovery of H2-R antagonists by Black and their 
      usefulness in control of gastric secretion and ulcer healing, were considered as 
      real breakthrough both in elucidation of gastric secretory mechanisms and in 
      ulcer therapy. Discovery of even more powerful gastric acid inhibitors, proton 
      pump inhibitors (PPI), also highly effective in acceleration of ulcer healing 
      was, however, not awarded Nobel prize. Unexpectedly, two Australian clinical 
      researchers, R.J. Warren and B.J. Marshall, who discovered in the stomach spiral 
      bacteria, named Helicobacter pylori, received the third in past century Nobel 
      prize in gastrology for the finding that this bacterium, is related to the 
      pathogenesis of gastritis and peptic ulcer. They documented that eradication of 
      H. pylori from the stomach, using antibiotics and potent gastric inhibitors, not 
      only accelerates healing of ulcer but also prevents its recurrence, the finding 
      considered as greatest discovery in practical gastrology during last century. 
      Thus, the outstanding achievements in gastroenterology during last century have 
      been awarded by three Nobel prizes and appreciated by millions of ulcer patients 
      all over the world.
FAU - Konturek, S J
AU  - Konturek SJ
AD  - Department of Clinical Physiology, Jagiellonian University College of Medicine, 
      Cracow, Poland. mpkontur@cyf-kr.edu.pl
FAU - Konturek, P C
AU  - Konturek PC
FAU - Brzozowski, T
AU  - Brzozowski T
FAU - Konturek, J W
AU  - Konturek JW
FAU - Pawlik, W W
AU  - Pawlik WW
LA  - eng
PT  - Historical Article
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Poland
TA  - J Physiol Pharmacol
JT  - Journal of physiology and pharmacology : an official journal of the Polish 
      Physiological Society
JID - 9114501
RN  - 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Ulcer Agents)
RN  - 0 (Gastrointestinal Hormones)
RN  - 0 (Histamine H2 Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Proton Pump Inhibitors)
RN  - 820484N8I3 (Histamine)
RN  - N9YNS0M02X (Acetylcholine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetylcholine/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Anti-Ulcer Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Cholinergic Fibers/metabolism
MH  - Gastric Acid/*metabolism
MH  - Gastric Mucosa/metabolism
MH  - Gastroenterology/*history
MH  - Gastrointestinal Hormones/metabolism
MH  - Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy/history/*metabolism
MH  - Helicobacter pylori/drug effects/*isolation & purification
MH  - Histamine/metabolism
MH  - Histamine H2 Antagonists/therapeutic use
MH  - History, 19th Century
MH  - History, 20th Century
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Nobel Prize
MH  - Proton Pump Inhibitors
MH  - Stomach/innervation/*microbiology
MH  - Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy/history/*metabolism
RF  - 56
EDAT- 2006/01/05 09:00
MHDA- 2006/12/09 09:00
CRDT- 2006/01/05 09:00
PHST- 2006/01/05 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/12/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/01/05 09:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Physiol Pharmacol. 2005 Dec;56(4):507-30.