PMID- 16395463
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060413
LR  - 20161124
IS  - 1464-0325 (Print)
IS  - 1464-0325 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 1
DP  - 2006 Jan
TI  - Verifying emission factors and national POPs emission inventories for the UK 
      using measurements and modelling at two rural locations.
PG  - 79-88
AB  - Different approaches are used to verify the adequacy of emission factors (EFs) 
      and their use in emission inventories of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). 
      The applicability of EFs was tested using atmospheric dispersion modelling to 
      predict atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans 
      (PCDFs) and resulting toxic equivalents (SigmaTEQ) and particulate matter <10 
      microm (PM(10)) in two rural locations in northern England (UK). The modelling 
      was based on general assumptions of fuel composition, consumption and heating 
      needs to simulate emissions of POPs from the domestic burning of coal and wood 
      where ambient measurements were made in the winter of 1998. The model was used to 
      derive the local contribution to ambient air concentrations, which were estimated 
      independently based on comparative air measurements. The results support the 
      hypothesis that in both villages, the majority of PAHs and the lower chlorinated 
      PCDFs were locally released. The situation for PCBs and polychlorinated 
      naphthalenes (PCNs) was different. While the EFs show the release of both 
      compound groups from the domestic burning of coal and wood, the ambient levels of 
      these "legacy POPs" in the villages were still clearly dominated by other 
      sources. Rural areas relying mainly on fossil fuels can exceed the proposed UK 
      ambient air quality standard for benzo[a]pyrene during winter. The measured EFs 
      were then used to estimate the importance of the domestic burning of coal and 
      wood to national emission inventories for these compound classes. Extrapolations 
      to the UK suggest that the domestic burning of pure wood and coal were minor 
      emitters for chlorinated POPs but contributed strongly to PAH and PM(10) levels 
      in 2000. Finally, the UK's national POPs emission inventories based on source 
      inventories and EF, as used here, were compared to estimates derived using the 
      increase in atmospheric concentration of selected POPs.
FAU - Lohmann, Rainer
AU  - Lohmann R
AD  - Department of Environmental Science, IENS, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK. 
      lohmann@gso.uri.edu
FAU - Lee, Robert G M
AU  - Lee RG
FAU - Abbott, John
AU  - Abbott J
FAU - Coleman, Peter
AU  - Coleman P
FAU - Jones, Kevin C
AU  - Jones KC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20051124
PL  - England
TA  - J Environ Monit
JT  - Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM
JID - 100968688
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Benzofurans)
RN  - 0 (Coal)
RN  - 0 (Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - 0 (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Benzofurans/analysis
MH  - Coal
MH  - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
MH  - England
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - *Heating
MH  - Housing
MH  - Models, Theoretical
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/analogs & derivatives/analysis
MH  - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons/analysis
MH  - Wood
EDAT- 2006/01/06 09:00
MHDA- 2006/04/14 09:00
CRDT- 2006/01/06 09:00
PHST- 2006/01/06 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/04/14 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/01/06 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1039/b511399g [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Environ Monit. 2006 Jan;8(1):79-88. doi: 10.1039/b511399g. Epub 2005 Nov 24.