PMID- 16398597
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060606
LR  - 20061115
IS  - 1075-5535 (Print)
IS  - 1075-5535 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 6
DP  - 2005 Dec
TI  - Ganoderma lucidum mycelium and spore extracts as natural adjuvants for 
      immunotherapy.
PG  - 1047-57
AB  - OBJECTIVES: Ganoderma lucidum (GL) is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbs 
      in the oriental community, with more than 30% of pediatric cancer patients taking 
      GL. The immunomodulating and anticancer effects exerted by GL extracts have been 
      demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies. There was, however, no comparison 
      between the immunomodulating effects of GL mycelium extract (GL-M) and spore 
      extracts on human immune cells. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional 
      antigen-presenting cells and their role in DC-based tumor vaccine has been well 
      defined. The possibility of GL as natural adjuvant for human DCs remains unknown. 
      DESIGN: This study explored the differential effect of GL-M and GL spore extract 
      (GL-S) on proliferation and Th1/Th2 cytokine mRNA expression of human peripheral 
      blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and monocytes. Their effects on the phenotypic 
      and functional maturation of human monocyte-derived DCs were also investigated. 
      RESULTS: GL-M induced the proliferation of PBMCs and monocytes, whereas GL-S 
      showed a mild suppressive effect. Both extracts could stimulate Th1 and Th2 
      cytokine mRNA expression, but GL-M was a relatively stronger Th1 stimulator. 
      Different from GL-S, GL-M enhanced maturation of DCs in terms of upregulation of 
      CD40, CD80, and CD86, and also reduced fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran 
      endocytosis. Interestingly, GLM- treated DCs only modestly enhanced lymphocyte 
      proliferation in allogenic mixed lymphocyte culture with mild enhancement in Th 
      development. CONCLUSION: These findings provide evidences that GL-M has 
      immunomodulating effects on human immune cells and therefore can be used as a 
      natural adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy with DCs.
FAU - Chan, Wing Keung
AU  - Chan WK
AD  - Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Jockey Club Clinical 
      Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 
      SAR, China.
FAU - Lam, David Tai Wai
AU  - Lam DT
FAU - Law, Helen Ka Wai
AU  - Law HK
FAU - Wong, Wing Tak
AU  - Wong WT
FAU - Koo, Marcel Wing Leung
AU  - Koo MW
FAU - Lau, Allan Sik Yin
AU  - Lau AS
FAU - Lau, Yu Lung
AU  - Lau YL
FAU - Chan, Godfrey Chi-Fung
AU  - Chan GC
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Altern Complement Med
JT  - Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.)
JID - 9508124
RN  - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic)
RN  - 0 (Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal)
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Drugs, Chinese Herbal)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adjuvants, Immunologic/*pharmacology
MH  - Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*pharmacology
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
MH  - Cell Proliferation/drug effects
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Drugs, Chinese Herbal/*pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Monocytes/cytology/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Neoplasms/prevention & control
MH  - RNA, Messenger/metabolism
MH  - *Reishi
MH  - Th1 Cells/immunology
MH  - Th2 Cells/immunology
EDAT- 2006/01/10 09:00
MHDA- 2006/06/07 09:00
CRDT- 2006/01/10 09:00
PHST- 2006/01/10 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/06/07 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/01/10 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1089/acm.2005.11.1047 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Altern Complement Med. 2005 Dec;11(6):1047-57. doi: 10.1089/acm.2005.11.1047.