PMID- 16433730
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060517
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0145-6008 (Print)
IS  - 0145-6008 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 1
DP  - 2006 Jan
TI  - Prenatal ethanol exposure increases ethanol reinforcement in neonatal rats.
PG  - 34-45
AB  - BACKGROUND: Recent experimental findings indicate that newborn rats are quite 
      susceptible to the reinforcing properties of ethanol (EtOH). The basis seems to 
      be more pharmacological than gustatory, olfactory, or caloric as a single pairing 
      of a surrogate nipple providing water with an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 
      EtOH results in conditioned attachment to an empty surrogate nipple. The present 
      study tested whether prenatal exposure to moderate EtOH during late gestation 
      would alter the neonatal rat's susceptibility to this source of EtOH 
      reinforcement and/or EtOH metabolism. METHODS: Pregnant females were given 1 g/kg 
      EtOH or water intragastrically on gestational days (GD) 17 to 20 or were 
      untreated. Rat pups delivered by cesarean section on GD 21 were exposed 3 to 4 
      hours later to a surrogate nipple providing water, either immediately following 
      or 10 minutes before an i.p. injection of 0.0 (saline), 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 g/kg 
      EtOH (12.6%, v/v). Ethanol reinforcement was indicated by a significant increase 
      in time attached to an empty surrogate nipple compared with unpaired and saline 
      controls. Testing was conducted 90 minutes after conditioning took place. Blood 
      ethanol levels (BELs) were also taken from subjects injected with identical doses 
      of i.p. EtOH at 5 or 95 minutes after injection. RESULTS: Initial response to a 
      surrogate nipple with water did not differ between groups. For neonates 
      prenatally exposed to EtOH, significant reinforcement by all 3 doses of i.p. EtOH 
      (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) was found, whereas only the dose of 0.5 g/kg EtOH was 
      reinforcing for neonates in the prenatal water condition and only 0.25 g/kg was 
      reinforcing for pups from untreated dams. Blood ethanol levels after conditioning 
      also differed as a function of prenatal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These results 
      suggest that prenatal EtOH exposure increases the range of EtOH doses capable of 
      reinforcing effects. Intubations with water, however, eliminated the reinforcing 
      strength of the lowest dose (0.25 g/kg) and shifted the dose-response curve to 
      the right. This effect may be due to the stress of the intubation procedure. 
      Ethanol metabolism was also affected by prenatal EtOH exposure. Pups derived from 
      EtOH-treated dams had slower elimination of EtOH from the blood than all other 
      groups at both the 0.5 and 0.75 g/kg i.p. doses.
FAU - Nizhnikov, Michael E
AU  - Nizhnikov ME
AD  - Department of Psychology, Center for Developmental Psychobiology, Binghamton 
      University, Binghamton, NY 13902-6000, USA.
FAU - Molina, Juan Carlos
AU  - Molina JC
FAU - Varlinskaya, Elena I
AU  - Varlinskaya EI
FAU - Spear, Norman E
AU  - Spear NE
LA  - eng
GR  - AA011960/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AA012762/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AA013098/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - MH035219/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Alcohol Clin Exp Res
JT  - Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research
JID - 7707242
RN  - 3K9958V90M (Ethanol)
SB  - IM
MH  - Alcohol Drinking/*physiopathology/psychology
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Animals, Newborn
MH  - Association Learning/physiology
MH  - Conditioning, Classical/physiology
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Ethanol/blood
MH  - Female
MH  - Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders/*physiopathology/psychology
MH  - Gestational Age
MH  - Injections, Intraperitoneal
MH  - Metabolic Clearance Rate/physiology
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - *Reinforcement, Psychology
EDAT- 2006/01/26 09:00
MHDA- 2006/05/18 09:00
CRDT- 2006/01/26 09:00
PHST- 2006/01/26 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/05/18 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/01/26 09:00 [entrez]
AID - ACER9 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00009.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006 Jan;30(1):34-45. doi: 
      10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00009.x.