PMID- 16435087
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060505
LR  - 20061115
IS  - 0090-4341 (Print)
IS  - 0090-4341 (Linking)
VI  - 50
IP  - 4
DP  - 2006 May
TI  - Contamination by persistent organic pollutants in dumping sites of Asian 
      developing countries: implication of emerging pollution sources.
PG  - 474-81
AB  - In Asian developing countries, large amounts of municipal wastes are dumped daily 
      in open dumping sites without proper management. This practice may cause several 
      adverse environmental consequences and increased health risk to local 
      communities. To elucidate contamination by persistent organic pollutants 
      (POPs)--including dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), 
      hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), chlordanes, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and 
      polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)--in such dumping sites, soil samples were 
      collected from open dumping sites and respective control sites in Cambodia, 
      India, and Vietnam from 1999 through 2001. Our results demonstrated that DDTs, 
      PCBs, and HCHs were dominant contaminants in the dumping sites. However, the 
      contamination pattern was not consistent, showing higher HCHs in India than in 
      Cambodia and Vietnam. Interestingly, in all of the countries, extremely higher 
      levels of POPs were observed in the dumping sites compared with those in the 
      respective control sites, suggesting significant amplification of POP 
      contamination in the dumping sites of Asian developing countries. Mean 
      concentrations of DDTs and PCBs were 350 and 140 ng/g dry weight, respectively, 
      in the dumping sites of Cambodia and 26 and 210 ng/g, respectively, in India. 
      These residue levels were hundreds to thousands times higher than those in 
      general soils, implying possible risk to human health of the local communities, 
      especially to the rag pickers, including children who work in these sites to 
      collect recyclable materials. Composition of DDT compounds suggested their recent 
      use in populated areas, which in turn might have caused increased levels of DDTs 
      in the open dumping sites. In addition, composition of HCH isomers revealed their 
      different use pattern in different countries.
FAU - Minh, N H
AU  - Minh NH
AD  - Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University (CMES), Matsuyama, 
      Japan.
FAU - Minh, T B
AU  - Minh TB
FAU - Kajiwara, N
AU  - Kajiwara N
FAU - Kunisue, T
AU  - Kunisue T
FAU - Subramanian, A
AU  - Subramanian A
FAU - Iwata, H
AU  - Iwata H
FAU - Tana, T S
AU  - Tana TS
FAU - Baburajendran, R
AU  - Baburajendran R
FAU - Karuppiah, S
AU  - Karuppiah S
FAU - Viet, P H
AU  - Viet PH
FAU - Tuyen, B C
AU  - Tuyen BC
FAU - Tanabe, S
AU  - Tanabe S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20060124
PL  - United States
TA  - Arch Environ Contam Toxicol
JT  - Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
JID - 0357245
RN  - 0 (Organic Chemicals)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
SB  - IM
MH  - Asia
MH  - *Developing Countries
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Organic Chemicals/*analysis
MH  - *Refuse Disposal
MH  - Soil Pollutants/*analysis
EDAT- 2006/01/26 09:00
MHDA- 2006/05/06 09:00
CRDT- 2006/01/26 09:00
PHST- 2005/04/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/08/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/01/26 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/05/06 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/01/26 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00244-005-1087-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2006 May;50(4):474-81. doi: 
      10.1007/s00244-005-1087-3. Epub 2006 Jan 24.