PMID- 16436001
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060518
LR  - 20170308
IS  - 1513-7368 (Print)
IS  - 1513-7368 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 4
DP  - 2005 Oct-Dec
TI  - Iron, cholesterol, and the risk of cancer in an 18-year cohort.
PG  - 505-9
AB  - The iron catalyzed oxidation of serum lipids is hypothesized to generate 
      oxidative stress, which appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of 
      many cancers. Previous research has obtained conflicting results regarding the 
      independent contribution of cholesterol and iron on cancer risk. The purpose of 
      this study was to test for an interaction between iron and cholesterol on cancer 
      risk. The present cohort study was an analysis of the National Health and 
      Nutrition Examination Survey I (NHANES I) database linked with the NHANES I 
      Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Baseline serum iron and total cholesterol values 
      were obtained on 7,448 adults, who were followed for the development of cancer 
      over 18-21 years. Population weights were applied to create Cox proportional 
      hazard models of time to the development of cancer for the entire U.S. adult 
      population (n=72,602,523). Control variables included: age, race, gender, 
      smoking, body mass index, chronic cough, chronic hepatitis, chronic/recurrent 
      colitis or enteritis, and gastrointestinal bleeding. Independent elevations of 
      either iron or total cholesterol were not significantly related to the 
      development of cancer in the adjusted model. However, the combination of iron and 
      total cholesterol above the 75th percentile was associated with a significant 
      increase in the risk of all cancers (HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.00-1.94). Iron and 
      cholesterol above the 80th and 85th percentiles increased the hazard ratio for 
      cancer further to 1.51 (CI 1.10-2.08) and 1.61 (CI 1.07-2.43), respectively. 
      These results support the theory that the iron induced oxidation of serum lipids 
      is important in the pathogenesis of cancer.
FAU - Wells, Brian J
AU  - Wells BJ
AD  - Department of Family Medicine, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 
      44195, USA. wellsb@ccf.org
FAU - Mainous, Arch G 3rd
AU  - Mainous AG 3rd
FAU - Everett, Charles J
AU  - Everett CJ
FAU - Gill, James M
AU  - Gill JM
LA  - eng
GR  - 1D12HP00023-02/PHS HHS/United States
GR  - 8 D54 HP 00023-04/PHS HHS/United States
GR  - K 12 CA 76917-08/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
PL  - Thailand
TA  - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev
JT  - Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP
JID - 101130625
RN  - 97C5T2UQ7J (Cholesterol)
RN  - E1UOL152H7 (Iron)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Cholesterol/*blood
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Incidence
MH  - Iron/*blood
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neoplasms/blood/*epidemiology/etiology
MH  - Nutrition Surveys
MH  - Risk Factors
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - United States/epidemiology
EDAT- 2006/01/27 09:00
MHDA- 2006/05/19 09:00
CRDT- 2006/01/27 09:00
PHST- 2006/01/27 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/05/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/01/27 09:00 [entrez]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2005 Oct-Dec;6(4):505-9.