PMID- 16442134
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061006
LR  - 20081121
IS  - 0028-3908 (Print)
IS  - 0028-3908 (Linking)
VI  - 50
IP  - 7
DP  - 2006 Jun
TI  - Transforming growth factor-alpha induces sex-specific neurochemical imbalance in 
      the stress- and memory-associated brain structures.
PG  - 807-13
AB  - Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) is a well-known regulator of many 
      developmental processes. However, its role in adult nervous system is yet 
      unclear. Studies have shown that TGFalpha can regulate stress and memory behavior 
      in adult mice. When TGFalpha is reduced in Waved-1 (Wa-1) mutant mice, the stress 
      response and memory are impaired predominantly in males and only after puberty. 
      To determine the neurochemical changes resulting from the reduced TGFalpha levels 
      that could explain the reported behavioral outcomes, biogenic amine and amino 
      acid levels were determined in the brain regions associated with stress and 
      memory. Interestingly, sex-specific alterations in neurochemical levels were 
      detected, including elevated noradrenaline and reduced glutamate levels in 
      striatum of Wa-1 males, increased noradrenaline and reduced serotonin metabolite 
      levels in hippocampus of Wa-1 females, reduced serotonin metabolite levels in 
      cortex and amygdala of Wa-1 females, and reduced noradrenaline, dopamine, 
      serotonin, glutamate and glycine levels in hypothalamus of Wa-1 females compared 
      to their respective controls. Increased dopamine turnover in cortex and reduced 
      dopamine and serotonin turnover in amygdala were observed in both male and female 
      Wa-1 mice. The data indicate sex-specific alterations of specific neurochemicals 
      as a result of reduced TGFalpha expression, which may underlie sex-dependent 
      stress response and memory impairment in Wa-1 mice.
FAU - Koshibu, Kyoko
AU  - Koshibu K
AD  - Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA. 
      koshibu@hifo.unizh.ch
FAU - Levitt, Pat
AU  - Levitt P
LA  - eng
GR  - MH45507/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20060124
PL  - England
TA  - Neuropharmacology
JT  - Neuropharmacology
JID - 0236217
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/*metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Male
MH  - Memory/*physiology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Mice, Mutant Strains
MH  - *Sex Characteristics
MH  - Stress, Physiological/*metabolism/psychology
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor alpha/*metabolism
EDAT- 2006/01/31 09:00
MHDA- 2006/10/07 09:00
CRDT- 2006/01/31 09:00
PHST- 2005/08/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2005/11/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2005/12/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/01/31 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/10/07 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/01/31 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0028-3908(05)00412-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.12.001 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuropharmacology. 2006 Jun;50(7):807-13. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.12.001. 
      Epub 2006 Jan 24.