PMID- 16515366
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061113
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 1545-7885 (Electronic)
IS  - 1544-9173 (Print)
IS  - 1544-9173 (Linking)
VI  - 4
IP  - 4
DP  - 2006 Apr
TI  - Inefficient cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated killing of HIV-1-infected cells in 
      vivo.
PG  - e90
LID - e90
AB  - Understanding the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in controlling HIV-1 
      infection is vital for vaccine design. However, it is difficult to assess the 
      importance of CTLs in natural infection. Different human leukocyte antigen (HLA) 
      class I alleles are associated with different rates of progression to AIDS, 
      indicating that CTLs play a protective role. Yet virus clearance rates following 
      antiretroviral therapy are not impaired in individuals with advanced HIV disease, 
      suggesting that weakening of the CTL response is not the major underlying cause 
      of disease progression and that CTLs do not have an important protective role. 
      Here we reconcile these apparently conflicting studies. We estimate the selection 
      pressure exerted by CTL responses that drive the emergence of immune escape 
      variants, thereby directly quantifying the efficiency of HIV-1-specific CTLs in 
      vivo. We estimate that only 2% of productively infected CD4+ cell death is 
      attributable to CTLs recognising a single epitope. We suggest that CTLs kill a 
      large number of infected cells (about 10(7)) per day but are not responsible for 
      the majority of infected cell death.
FAU - Asquith, Becca
AU  - Asquith B
AD  - Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. 
      b.asquith@imperial.ac.uk
FAU - Edwards, Charles T T
AU  - Edwards CT
FAU - Lipsitch, Marc
AU  - Lipsitch M
FAU - McLean, Angela R
AU  - McLean AR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20060314
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS Biol
JT  - PLoS biology
JID - 101183755
SB  - IM
CIN - PLoS Biol. 2006 Apr;4(4):e114. PMID: 20076553
MH  - Cell Survival
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
MH  - HIV-1/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology/pathology
PMC - PMC1395353
EDAT- 2006/03/07 09:00
MHDA- 2006/11/14 09:00
PMCR- 2006/03/14
CRDT- 2006/03/07 09:00
PHST- 2005/07/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/01/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/03/07 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/11/14 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/03/07 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2006/03/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 05-PLBI-RA-0593R5 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040090 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS Biol. 2006 Apr;4(4):e90. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040090. Epub 2006 Mar 
      14.