PMID- 16521833
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060530
LR  - 20190516
IS  - 0044-7447 (Print)
IS  - 0044-7447 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 8
DP  - 2005 Dec
TI  - A worldwide survey of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and 
      related contaminants in butter.
PG  - 589-97
AB  - The main source of human exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is, in 
      general, food. In this study, 64 butter samples from 37 countries were analyzed 
      to assess the global contamination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 
      dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and 2,2-bis 
      (4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) together with its major metabolites. 
      The objectives of the study were to assess the presence of major organohalogen 
      contaminants in butter, to trace geographical differences, and to determine toxic 
      equivalents (TEQs) of PCDDs/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in butter. The highest PCDD/F 
      concentrations were found in butter from Korea with an average of 1.4 pg TEQ 
      g(-1) lipid weight (l.w.). from PCDD/F and an additional contribution from the 
      non- and mono-ortho-PCBs of 0.55 pg TEQ g(-1) l.w. Belgian butter showed average 
      levels of 0.53 and 1.2 pg TEQ g(-1) l.w. for PCDDs/Fs and PCBs, respectively, but 
      one sample of Belgium butter had a total TEQ level as high as 4.0 pg TEQ g(-1) 
      l.w. Three out of five butter samples from Portugal showed similarly high PCDD/F 
      TEQ levels. The sigmaPCB levels in European butter appeared to be somewhat higher 
      than in the samples from the rest of the world. The average contribution of 
      CB-153 to the total PCB concentration was 22% (SD 6.4, coefficient of variation 
      29%). Generally, the PCBs contributed around 60% of the total TEQ value, with 
      CB-126 contributing approximately half of this value. This shows the important 
      TEQ contribution from dioxinlike PCBs to the total TEQs. The highest HCB levels 
      were found in butter samples from Russia, Ukraine, Belgium, and Slovenia. Low 
      levels of HCB in butter were generally found in the Southern Hemisphere. Butter 
      samples from countries from Eastern Europe had elevated sigmaDDT concentrations, 
      with a particularly high concentration in Ukraine butter, followed by some 
      Russian samples, Brazil, and the U.S.
FAU - Weiss, Jana
AU  - Weiss J
AD  - Department of Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden. 
      jana.weiss@mk.su.se
FAU - Papke, Olaf
AU  - Papke O
FAU - Bergman, Ake
AU  - Bergman A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - Sweden
TA  - Ambio
JT  - Ambio
JID - 0364220
RN  - 0 (Benzofurans)
RN  - 0 (Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
RN  - 4Z87H0LKUY (Hexachlorobenzene)
RN  - 8029-34-3 (Butter)
RN  - CIW5S16655 (DDT)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Benzofurans/*analysis
MH  - *Butter
MH  - DDT/analysis/metabolism
MH  - Data Collection
MH  - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
MH  - *Food Contamination
MH  - Hexachlorobenzene/analysis
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/*analogs & derivatives/analysis
MH  - Soil Pollutants/*analysis
EDAT- 2006/03/09 09:00
MHDA- 2006/05/31 09:00
CRDT- 2006/03/09 09:00
PHST- 2006/03/09 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/05/31 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/03/09 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1639/0044-7447(2005)034[0589:awsopd]2.0.co;2 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ambio. 2005 Dec;34(8):589-97. doi: 
      10.1639/0044-7447(2005)034[0589:awsopd]2.0.co;2.