PMID- 16531897
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060623
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 0195-9131 (Print)
IS  - 0195-9131 (Linking)
VI  - 38
IP  - 2
DP  - 2006 Feb
TI  - Effects of graded carbohydrate supplementation on the immune response in cycling.
PG  - 286-92
AB  - PURPOSE: This study examined the acute immune response after three standardized 
      cycling sessions of 4-h duration in the field with varying carbohydrate (CHO) 
      supplementation in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion. We 
      hypothesized that the ingestion of carbohydrate (6 or 12% CHO beverages; placebo 
      (P) without CHO) during exercise attenuates the exercise-induced immune response 
      in a dose-dependent manner. METHODS: A total of 14 male competitive cyclists and 
      triathletes (age: 25 +/- 5 yr; height: 180 +/- 7 cm; weight: 72 +/- 9 kg; VO2max: 
      67 +/- 6 mL.min(-1).kg(-1)) cycled for 4 h on a 400-m track at a given workload 
      of 70% of the individual anaerobic threshold (198 +/- 21 W). Leukocyte and 
      lymphocyte subpopulations were measured by flow cytometry before, immediately, 
      and 1 and 19 h after exercise. In addition, C-reactive protein (CRP) interleukin 
      6 (IL-6), and cortisol were determined. RESULTS: The exercise-induced increase in 
      leukocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes was significantly attenuated to the same 
      extent by 6 and 12% CHO (P < 0.001). No differences could be demonstrated for 
      lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The increase in CRP was attenuated 
      significantly by 12% CHO only (P < 0.05), whereas the increase in cortisol and 
      IL-6 was significantly reduced by 6 and 12% CHO (P < 0.001). The postexercise 
      neutrophilia, which dominated the exercise-induced leukocytosis, was strongly 
      related to the postexercise concentration of cortisol (r = 0.72; P < 0.001). 
      CONCLUSIONS: Because of the lacking dose-dependent difference, the ingestion of 
      at least 6% CHO beverages can sufficiently attenuate the exercise-induced immune 
      response and stress, especially in phagocytizing cells (neutrophils and 
      monocytes) by the reduced release of cortisol.
FAU - Scharhag, Jurgen
AU  - Scharhag J
AD  - Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, University of Saarland, Saarbrucken, 
      Germany. j-scharhag@mx.uni-saarland.de
FAU - Meyer, Tim
AU  - Meyer T
FAU - Auracher, Markus
AU  - Auracher M
FAU - Gabriel, Holger H
AU  - Gabriel HH
FAU - Kindermann, Wilfried
AU  - Kindermann W
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Med Sci Sports Exerc
JT  - Medicine and science in sports and exercise
JID - 8005433
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Polysaccharides)
RN  - 7CVR7L4A2D (maltodextrin)
RN  - 9007-41-4 (C-Reactive Protein)
RN  - WI4X0X7BPJ (Hydrocortisone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Bicycling/*physiology
MH  - C-Reactive Protein/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocortisone/immunology
MH  - Interleukin-6/immunology
MH  - Leukocytes/*immunology
MH  - Lymphocyte Count
MH  - Male
MH  - Oxygen Consumption/immunology/physiology
MH  - Polysaccharides/*administration & dosage
EDAT- 2006/03/15 09:00
MHDA- 2006/06/24 09:00
CRDT- 2006/03/15 09:00
PHST- 2006/03/15 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/06/24 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/03/15 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 00005768-200602000-00014 [pii]
AID - 10.1249/01.mss.0000191437.69493.d4 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2006 Feb;38(2):286-92. doi: 
      10.1249/01.mss.0000191437.69493.d4.