PMID- 16544307
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061222
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 1552-4973 (Print)
IS  - 1552-4973 (Linking)
VI  - 79
IP  - 1
DP  - 2006 Oct
TI  - Titanium particles and surface-bound LPS activate different pathways in IC-21 
      macrophages.
PG  - 66-73
AB  - It is still unknown if wear-debris particles themselves induce osteolysis or if 
      they serve a functional role as receptors for ligands that incite an inflammatory 
      response that ultimately leads to bone resorption. In this study, commercially 
      pure titanium particles (cpTi) were subjected to a serial combination of 
      different cleaning methods to remove Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or were incubated 
      in LPS solutions of known concentrations. Then, the response of the macrophage 
      cell line IC-21 to the cleaned particles, LPS-bound Ti particles, and soluble LPS 
      was examined. It was found that cleaned particles up to 1000 particles per cell 
      did not stimulate macrophages to release Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) 
      or Interleukin 6 (IL-6), but they significantly increased the release of 
      Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) when the particle concentration was higher than 500 
      particles per cell. At one particle per cell, Ti particles bound with LPS 
      stimulated the release of IL-6 and TNF-alpha by macrophages. The level of 
      released cytokines was dependent on, and correlated with, the amount of LPS 
      present on the particles. The macrophages were more sensitive to soluble LPS than 
      to particle-bound LPS, and the simultaneous addition of cleaned Ti particles did 
      not have additional effects on the effects of soluble LPS. This study shows 
      evidence that, cpTi particles and LPS have distinct mechanisms of action on the 
      IC-21 macrophages, but that both contribute to the development of an inflammatory 
      response.
FAU - Schwab, Luciana P
AU  - Schwab LP
AD  - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Tennessee-Campbell Clinic, 
      Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA. lpilatti@memphis.edu
FAU - Xing, Zhiqing
AU  - Xing Z
FAU - Hasty, Karen A
AU  - Hasty KA
FAU - Smith, Richard A
AU  - Smith RA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater
JT  - Journal of biomedical materials research. Part B, Applied biomaterials
JID - 101234238
RN  - 0 (Biocompatible Materials)
RN  - 0 (Lipopolysaccharides)
RN  - D1JT611TNE (Titanium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biocompatible Materials/*pharmacology
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Lipopolysaccharides/*metabolism
MH  - Macrophages/*drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Titanium/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2006/03/18 09:00
MHDA- 2006/12/23 09:00
CRDT- 2006/03/18 09:00
PHST- 2006/03/18 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/12/23 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/03/18 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/jbm.b.30512 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2006 Oct;79(1):66-73. doi: 
      10.1002/jbm.b.30512.