PMID- 16555062
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070302
LR  - 20191210
IS  - 0033-3158 (Print)
IS  - 0033-3158 (Linking)
VI  - 189
IP  - 4
DP  - 2007 Jan
TI  - Reinforcing effects of methylenedioxy amphetamine congeners in rhesus monkeys: 
      are intravenous self-administration experiments relevant to MDMA neurotoxicity?
PG  - 471-82
AB  - RATIONALE: Many animal models relevant to the persistent effects of drugs of 
      abuse necessitate the application of interspecies dose scaling procedures to 
      approximate drug administration regimens in humans, but drug self-administration 
      procedures differ in that they allow animal subjects to control their own drug 
      intake. OBJECTIVES: This report reviews the reinforcing effects of 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), its enantiomers, and several structural 
      analogs in rhesus monkeys, paying particular attention to the pharmacological 
      mechanisms of such reinforcing effects, the development of structure activity 
      relationships among these compounds, the stability of MDMA self-administration 
      behavior over time, and the persistent effects of self-administered MDMA on 
      monoamines. RESULTS: The methylenedioxy amphetamine congeners MDMA, 
      3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, and 
      N-methyl-1-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-butanamine function as reinforcers in 
      rhesus monkeys, maintaining self-administration behavior greater than that 
      engendered by contingent saline but less than that engendered by traditional 
      psychostimulants. These findings are remarkable as structurally distinct 
      serotonergic hallucinogen-like drugs do not maintain reliable self-administration 
      in laboratory animals. During prolonged MDMA self-administration, MDMA-maintained 
      responding progressively weakens, and MDMA eventually fails to maintain 
      significant self-administration. The neurochemical correlates of this effect have 
      not yet been identified. CONCLUSIONS: Procedures in which MDMA and related 
      compounds are self-administered can be established in rhesus monkeys. These 
      techniques can be used to engender contingent MDMA exposure without resorting to 
      controversial methods of interspecies dose scaling. As such, further application 
      of self-administration methods may provide important new insights into the 
      persistent effects of MDMA on brain and behavior in nonhuman primates.
FAU - Fantegrossi, William E
AU  - Fantegrossi WE
AD  - Division of Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory 
      University, 954 Gatewood Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. wfanteg@emory.edu
LA  - eng
GR  - DA00206/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA05707/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA05923/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - DA09161/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Review
DEP - 20060323
PL  - Germany
TA  - Psychopharmacology (Berl)
JT  - Psychopharmacology
JID - 7608025
RN  - 0 (Biogenic Monoamines)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*drug effects
MH  - Biogenic Monoamines/metabolism
MH  - Brain/drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Hallucinogens/administration & dosage/toxicity
MH  - Injections, Intravenous
MH  - Macaca mulatta
MH  - Models, Animal
MH  - Molecular Structure
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*administration & dosage/analogs & 
      derivatives/chemistry/*toxicity
MH  - Neurotoxicity Syndromes/*etiology/metabolism
MH  - *Reinforcement, Psychology
MH  - Self Administration
MH  - Structure-Activity Relationship
RF  - 99
EDAT- 2006/03/24 09:00
MHDA- 2007/03/03 09:00
CRDT- 2006/03/24 09:00
PHST- 2005/05/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/01/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/03/24 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/03/03 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/03/24 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00213-006-0320-8 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2007 Jan;189(4):471-82. doi: 
      10.1007/s00213-006-0320-8. Epub 2006 Mar 23.