PMID- 16582546
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060706
LR  - 20080616
IS  - 1661-4119 (Print)
IS  - 1661-4119 (Linking)
VI  - 13
IP  - 1
DP  - 2006 Feb
TI  - The role of trace elements in homeopathic preparations and the influence of 
      container material, storage duration, and potentisation.
PG  - 15-21
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To investigate trace elements in liquid homeopathic preparations and 
      the influence of container material, storage duration, and potentisation. 
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy 
      (ICP-MS), we investigated (a) aqua bidestillata (ABD) stored for 12 h in either 
      brown glass or high density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles; (b) ABD stored for 2 h 
      in HDPE, the same additionally filled in brown glass bottle, and ABD potentised 
      in brown glass up to C30; (c) -- at 3 different sample ages and with statistical 
      analysis -- ABD C30 (brown glass), AgNO3 C30 (brown glass), and controls 
      (unsuccussed, brown glass and HDPE). RESULTS: Contamination of the initial ABD 
      increased and element concentrations changed far more when stored in brown glass 
      bottles than in HDPE. Effects were strongest during initial storage time and 
      during the first potentisation step from mother tincture to C1; subsequent 
      potentising steps produced no relevant changes. Potencies of AgNO3 and potencies 
      of water contained similar contamination. CONCLUSIONS: Potentising accelerates 
      material exchange between container and solvent, mostly during succussion. 
      Research on potentised preparations should use potentised controls with equal 
      preparation and storage time. If physical and biological effects of potencies 
      exist, contaminants might be one factor for their generation.
FAU - Witt, Claudia M
AU  - Witt CM
AD  - Institut fur Sozialmedizin, Epidemiologie und Gesundheitsokonomie, Charite, 
      Universitatsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. claudia.witt@charite.de
FAU - Ludtke, Rainer
AU  - Ludtke R
FAU - Weisshuhn, Thorolf E R
AU  - Weisshuhn TE
FAU - Quint, Peter
AU  - Quint P
FAU - Willich, Stefan N
AU  - Willich SN
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20060103
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Forsch Komplementmed
JT  - Forschende Komplementarmedizin (2006)
JID - 101269884
RN  - 0 (Trace Elements)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Drug Contamination
MH  - Drug Packaging/*methods
MH  - Drug Storage/*methods
MH  - Glass/chemistry
MH  - *Homeopathy/methods/standards
MH  - Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - Polyethylene/chemistry
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Trace Elements/*analysis/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2006/04/04 09:00
MHDA- 2006/07/11 09:00
CRDT- 2006/04/04 09:00
PHST- 2006/04/04 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/07/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/04/04 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 90415 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000090415 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Forsch Komplementmed. 2006 Feb;13(1):15-21. doi: 10.1159/000090415. Epub 2006 Jan 
      3.