PMID- 16585304
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060510
LR  - 20220317
IS  - 1098-4275 (Electronic)
IS  - 0031-4005 (Linking)
VI  - 117
IP  - 4
DP  - 2006 Apr
TI  - The economic costs of congenital bilateral permanent childhood hearing 
      impairment.
PG  - 1101-12
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to estimate the economic costs of 
      bilateral permanent childhood hearing impairment (PCHI) in the preceding year of 
      life for children aged 7 to 9 years. METHODS: A cost analysis was conducted by 
      using a birth cohort of children born between 1992 and 1997 in 8 districts of 
      Southern England, of which half had been born into populations exposed to 
      universal newborn screening (UNS). Unit costs were applied to estimates of 
      health, social, and broader resource use made by 120 hearing-impaired children 
      and 63 children in a normally hearing comparison group. Associations between 
      societal costs per child and severity of hearing impairment, language ability 
      score, exposure to UNS, and age of confirmation were analyzed, including 
      adjustment for potential confounders in a linear regression model. RESULTS: The 
      mean societal cost in the preceding year of life at 7 to 9 years of age was 
      14092.5 pound sterling for children with PCHI, compared with 4206.8 pound 
      sterling for the normally hearing children, a cost difference of 9885.7 pound 
      sterling. After adjusting for severity and other potential confounders in a 
      linear regression model, mean societal costs among children with PCHI were 
      reduced by 2553 pound sterling for each unit increase in the z score for 
      receptive language. Using similar regression models, exposure to a program of UNS 
      was associated with a smaller cost reduction of 2213.2 pound sterling, whereas 
      costs were similar between children whose PCHI was confirmed at <9 or >9 months. 
      CONCLUSIONS. The study provides rigorous evidence of the annual health, social, 
      and broader societal cost of bilateral PCHI in the preceding year of life at 7 to 
      9 years of age and shows that it is related to its severity and has an inverse 
      relationship with language abilities after adjustment for severity.
FAU - Schroeder, Liz
AU  - Schroeder L
AD  - National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom. 
      liz.schroeder@npeu.ox.ac.uk
FAU - Petrou, Stavros
AU  - Petrou S
FAU - Kennedy, Colin
AU  - Kennedy C
FAU - McCann, Donna
AU  - McCann D
FAU - Law, Catherine
AU  - Law C
FAU - Watkin, Peter M
AU  - Watkin PM
FAU - Worsfold, Sarah
AU  - Worsfold S
FAU - Yuen, Ho Ming
AU  - Yuen HM
LA  - eng
GR  - G0501681/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Pediatrics
JT  - Pediatrics
JID - 0376422
SB  - IM
CIN - Pediatrics. 2006 Aug;118(2):844-5; author reply 845-6. PMID: 16882853
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Correction of Hearing Impairment/economics
MH  - Cost of Illness
MH  - Costs and Cost Analysis
MH  - Deafness/*congenital/diagnosis/*economics
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Care Costs
MH  - Hearing Loss, Bilateral/*congenital/diagnosis/*economics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Language Development
MH  - Male
MH  - Neonatal Screening/economics
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
MH  - United Kingdom
EDAT- 2006/04/06 09:00
MHDA- 2006/05/11 09:00
CRDT- 2006/04/06 09:00
PHST- 2006/04/06 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/05/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/04/06 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 117/4/1101 [pii]
AID - 10.1542/peds.2005-1335 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pediatrics. 2006 Apr;117(4):1101-12. doi: 10.1542/peds.2005-1335.