PMID- 16585490
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060525
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1072-4710 (Print)
IS  - 1072-4710 (Linking)
VI  - 160
IP  - 4
DP  - 2006 Apr
TI  - A content analysis of health and physical activity messages marketed to African 
      American children during after-school television programming.
PG  - 432-5
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To examine the number of food advertisements African American children 
      are exposed to during children's television programming aired on predominantly 
      African American and general television stations. DESIGN: A content analysis was 
      conducted to identify and analyze the health-related content (HRC) and physical 
      activity-related content (PARC) of food advertisements shown during children's 
      television programming. SETTING: Three sets of television advertisements from 3 
      stations (Black Entertainment Television, The WB [Warner Bros], and Disney 
      Channel) served as the sample during a 1-week period in July 2005 (July 11-15), 
      from 3 pm to 9 pm. RESULTS: In total, 1098 advertisements were recorded, with 256 
      food and beverage commercials used for this study. Results indicate that 36.3% of 
      all commercials were based on fast food restaurants, 31.3% were for drinks, 16.8% 
      were for candy, 13.7% were for cereals, and 2.0% were for snacks (percentages do 
      not total 100 because of rounding). Compared with The WB and Disney Channel, 
      Black Entertainment Television had significantly (P=.001) more food and beverage 
      advertisements. Few HRC or PARC advertisements were shown. Of 256 food and 
      beverage commercials, only 8.2% contained HRC and 9.4% had PARC. Also, the HRC 
      and PARC scenes contained messages that were implied vs explicitly talking about 
      the health or physical benefits of the product. CONCLUSIONS: African American 
      children are overexposed to numerous types of food and beverage advertisements. 
      These advertisements do not provide an adequate level of positive HRC and PARC 
      messages. Consequently, the messages that are portrayed may undermine efforts to 
      teach African American children about the importance of healthy living and 
      physical activity.
FAU - Outley, Corliss Wilson
AU  - Outley CW
AD  - School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, 1900 University Avenue SE, 
      Minneapolis, MN 55443, USA. coutley@umn.edu
FAU - Taddese, Abdissa
AU  - Taddese A
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med
JT  - Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine
JID - 9422751
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - *Advertising/statistics & numerical data
MH  - *Black or African American/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Beverages/classification
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Food/classification
MH  - *Health Education/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Health Promotion
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Motor Activity
MH  - Program Evaluation
MH  - *Television/statistics & numerical data
EDAT- 2006/04/06 09:00
MHDA- 2006/05/26 09:00
CRDT- 2006/04/06 09:00
PHST- 2006/04/06 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/05/26 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/04/06 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 160/4/432 [pii]
AID - 10.1001/archpedi.160.4.432 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Apr;160(4):432-5. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.160.4.432.