PMID- 16606766
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060522
LR  - 20071115
IS  - 0003-9942 (Print)
IS  - 0003-9942 (Linking)
VI  - 63
IP  - 4
DP  - 2006 Apr
TI  - Intrathecal chemokine synthesis in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer 
      disease.
PG  - 538-43
AB  - BACKGROUND: Immunoreactivity for several chemokines and for their related 
      receptors has been demonstrated in resident cells of the central nervous system, 
      and the up-regulation of some of them is associated with pathological changes 
      found in Alzheimer disease (AD). OBJECTIVE: To determine 
      interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 
      (MCP-1), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 
      subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and patients with AD as 
      compared with age-matched controls. PATIENTS: Thirty-eight subjects with amnestic 
      MCI, 36 patients with AD, and 41 age-matched subjects with noninflammatory 
      affections of the nervous system. DESIGN: Evaluation of CSF chemokine production 
      at time of diagnosis of MCI and AD; correlation with clinical and personal data. 
      Longitudinal evaluation of subjects with MCI until conversion to AD. RESULTS: 
      Cerebrospinal fluid IP-10 concentration was significantly increased in patients 
      with MCI and mild AD but not in patients with severe AD (Mini-Mental State 
      Examination score <15), whereas MCP-1 and IL-8 levels were increased in patients 
      with MCI and all patients with AD. A significant positive correlation between 
      Mini-Mental State Examination score and CSF IP-10 or MCP-1 concentration was 
      observed in patients with AD. No correlation between IP-10 levels and age was 
      found, whereas MCP-1 and IL-8 levels correlated positively with age. Out of 38 
      subjects with MCI, 19 developed AD within a 1- to 3-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: 
      The presence of inflammatory molecules is likely to be a very early event in AD 
      pathogenesis, even preceding the clinical onset of the disease, as demonstrated 
      by subjects with MCI who developed AD over time. Interferon-gamma-inducible 
      protein 10 is specifically increased in MCI and seems to decrease with the 
      progression of AD, whereas MCP-1 and IL-8 are up-regulated also in late stages of 
      the disease, suggesting a role in phases in which neurodegeneration is prevalent.
FAU - Galimberti, Daniela
AU  - Galimberti D
AD  - Department of Neurological Sciences, Dino Ferrari Center, University of Milan, 
      IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy. 
      daniela.galimberti@unimi.it
FAU - Schoonenboom, Niki
AU  - Schoonenboom N
FAU - Scheltens, Philip
AU  - Scheltens P
FAU - Fenoglio, Chiara
AU  - Fenoglio C
FAU - Bouwman, Femke
AU  - Bouwman F
FAU - Venturelli, Eliana
AU  - Venturelli E
FAU - Guidi, Ilaria
AU  - Guidi I
FAU - Blankenstein, Marinus A
AU  - Blankenstein MA
FAU - Bresolin, Nereo
AU  - Bresolin N
FAU - Scarpini, Elio
AU  - Scarpini E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Arch Neurol
JT  - Archives of neurology
JID - 0372436
RN  - 0 (CCL2 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (CXCL10 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CCL2)
RN  - 0 (Chemokine CXCL10)
RN  - 0 (Chemokines)
RN  - 0 (Chemokines, CXC)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-8)
SB  - IM
MH  - Aged
MH  - Alzheimer Disease/*cerebrospinal fluid/diagnosis/*immunology
MH  - Brain/immunology/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins/analysis/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Chemokine CCL2/analysis/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Chemokine CXCL10
MH  - Chemokines/*cerebrospinal fluid/*immunology
MH  - Chemokines, CXC/analysis/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Cognition Disorders/*cerebrospinal fluid/diagnosis/*immunology
MH  - Encephalitis/cerebrospinal fluid/diagnosis/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interleukin-8/analysis/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - Predictive Value of Tests
MH  - Statistics as Topic
MH  - Up-Regulation/immunology
EDAT- 2006/04/12 09:00
MHDA- 2006/05/23 09:00
CRDT- 2006/04/12 09:00
PHST- 2006/04/12 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/05/23 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/04/12 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 63/4/538 [pii]
AID - 10.1001/archneur.63.4.538 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Arch Neurol. 2006 Apr;63(4):538-43. doi: 10.1001/archneur.63.4.538.