PMID- 16611917
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060522
LR  - 20211020
IS  - 0022-538X (Print)
IS  - 1098-5514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-538X (Linking)
VI  - 80
IP  - 9
DP  - 2006 May
TI  - Hexamethylbisacetamide remodels the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) 
      promoter and induces Tat-independent HIV-1 expression but blunts cell activation.
PG  - 4570-9
AB  - Hexamethylbisacetamide (HMBA) induces human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) 
      gene expression in latently infected T-cell and monocytoid cell lines. We find 
      that HMBA activation of viral expression is Tat independent but, like Tat, 
      increases the efficiency of elongation of the HIV-1 promoter (long terminal 
      repeat [LTR]) transcripts. Further, exposure to HMBA induces chromatin remodeling 
      at nucleosome 1 (Nuc-1) near the start site of LTR transcription but does so 
      without increasing histone acetylation or altering histone methylation near 
      Nuc-1. Of note, despite enhanced proviral expression, HMBA suppressed HIV 
      infection ex vivo in primary blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures. Treatment 
      with HMBA did not alter expression of the HIV coreceptors, CCR5 and CXCR4, in 
      PBMCs but down-regulated CD4. Finally, HMBA interferes with cell proliferation 
      and activation; it suppressed expression of Ki67 and CD25 and in PBMCs exposed to 
      mitogen. As HMBA has been tested in oncology trials, its unusual properties make 
      it a useful reagent for future studies of HIV promoter regulation and a novel 
      prototype molecule for therapeutics that abort the latent proviral state of 
      chronic HIV infection.
FAU - Klichko, Vladimir
AU  - Klichko V
AD  - North Texas Veterans Health Care Systems, Dallas, Texas 75216, USA.
FAU - Archin, Nancy
AU  - Archin N
FAU - Kaur, Rupinderjeet
AU  - Kaur R
FAU - Lehrman, Ginger
AU  - Lehrman G
FAU - Margolis, David
AU  - Margolis D
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI045297/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01 AI-45297/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JT  - Journal of virology
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Acetamides)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (CD4 Antigens)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, tat)
RN  - 0 (Histones)
RN  - 0 (Ki-67 Antigen)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Interleukin-2)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Virus)
RN  - 0 (tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
RN  - EC 3.1.- (Endodeoxyribonucleases)
RN  - EC 3.1.22.1 (deoxyribonuclease II)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetamides/*pharmacology
MH  - Biomarkers
MH  - CD4 Antigens/metabolism
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*drug effects/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly/drug effects
MH  - Endodeoxyribonucleases/metabolism
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/*drug effects/genetics
MH  - Gene Products, tat/metabolism
MH  - HIV Long Terminal Repeat/genetics
MH  - HIV-1/*drug effects/*genetics/physiology
MH  - Histones/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ki-67 Antigen/metabolism
MH  - Promoter Regions, Genetic/*genetics
MH  - Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism
MH  - Receptors, Virus/metabolism
MH  - Transcription, Genetic/drug effects/genetics
MH  - tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
PMC - PMC1472000
EDAT- 2006/04/14 09:00
MHDA- 2006/05/23 09:00
PMCR- 2006/09/01
CRDT- 2006/04/14 09:00
PHST- 2006/04/14 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/05/23 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/04/14 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2006/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 80/9/4570 [pii]
AID - 2161-05 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/JVI.80.9.4570-4579.2006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol. 2006 May;80(9):4570-9. doi: 10.1128/JVI.80.9.4570-4579.2006.