PMID- 16650091
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061003
LR  - 20060502
IS  - 0105-1873 (Print)
IS  - 0105-1873 (Linking)
VI  - 54
IP  - 4
DP  - 2006 Apr
TI  - The local lymph node assay and skin sensitization: a cut-down screen to reduce 
      animal requirements?
PG  - 181-5
AB  - The local lymph node assay (LLNA), an alternative approach to skin-sensitizing 
      testing, has made a significant contribution to animal welfare by permitting a 
      reduction and refinement of animal use. Although there is clearly an aspiration 
      to eliminate the use of animals in such tests, it is appropriate also to consider 
      other opportunities for refinement and reduction of animal use. We have therefore 
      explored the use of a modified version of the LLNA for screening purposes when 
      there is a need to evaluate the sensitizing activity of a large number of 
      chemicals, as will be the case under the auspices of registration, evaluation and 
      authorization of chemicals (REACH). Using an existing LLNA database of 211 
      chemicals, we have examined whether a cut-down assay comprising a single 
      high-dose group and a concurrent vehicle control would provide a realistic 
      approach for screening chemicals for sensitizing potential. The analyses reported 
      here suggest this is the case. We speculate that the animal welfare benefits may 
      be enhanced further by reducing the number of animals per experimental group. 
      However, a detailed evaluation will be necessary to provide reassurance that a 
      reduction in group size would provide adequate sensitivity across a range of skin 
      sensitization potencies.
FAU - Kimber, Ian
AU  - Kimber I
AD  - Syngenta Central Toxicology Laboratory, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, 
      UK. ian.kimber@syngenta.com
FAU - Dearman, Rebecca J
AU  - Dearman RJ
FAU - Betts, Catherine J
AU  - Betts CJ
FAU - Gerberick, G Frank
AU  - Gerberick GF
FAU - Ryan, Cindy A
AU  - Ryan CA
FAU - Kern, Petra S
AU  - Kern PS
FAU - Patlewicz, Grace Y
AU  - Patlewicz GY
FAU - Basketter, David A
AU  - Basketter DA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Contact Dermatitis
JT  - Contact dermatitis
JID - 7604950
SB  - IM
MH  - *Animal Testing Alternatives
MH  - Animals
MH  - Databases, Factual
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology
MH  - Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology
MH  - Female
MH  - *Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred CBA
MH  - Toxicity Tests/*methods
EDAT- 2006/05/03 09:00
MHDA- 2006/10/04 09:00
CRDT- 2006/05/03 09:00
PHST- 2006/05/03 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/10/04 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/05/03 09:00 [entrez]
AID - COD827 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00827.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Contact Dermatitis. 2006 Apr;54(4):181-5. doi: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2006.00827.x.