PMID- 16682013
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060925
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0006-8993 (Print)
IS  - 0006-8993 (Linking)
VI  - 1090
IP  - 1
DP  - 2006 May 23
TI  - The role of vertebral column muscles in level versus upslope treadmill walking-an 
      electromyographic and kinematic study.
PG  - 99-109
AB  - To gain insight into the neural mechanisms controlling vertebral column movement 
      and its role in walking, we performed kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) 
      studies on cats during level and upslope treadmill walking. Kinematic data of the 
      limbs and vertebral column were obtained with a high-speed camera synchronized 
      with EMG recordings from levels T10, L1, and L5 of m. longissimus dorsi (Long). 
      During a single-step cycle at all upslope angles, vertebral movement in the 
      lateral (left-right), cranial-caudal (forward-backward), and dorsal-ventral 
      (upward-downward) directions was observed. Lateral movements were produced by 
      forelimb take-off and hindlimb landing, and forward and upward movements were 
      produced by hindlimb extension. During the single-step cycle, each of the three 
      epaxial muscles, m. multifidus, m. iliocostalis, and Long, showed two bilateral 
      EMG bursts. The onset of the EMG bursts coincided with the left-right movements, 
      suggesting that epaxial muscle activity depresses lateral movement. The 
      termination of the EMG bursts correlated with the forward and downward phase of 
      the step cycle, suggesting that contraction of the epaxial muscles produces 
      forward and downward movements. EMG bursts of the epaxial muscles increase the 
      stiffness and produce inwardly movements to decrease the lateral movements of the 
      vertebral column and the termination of EMG bursts control the movements into 
      cranial and ventral direction of the vertebral column. The results suggest that 
      the rhythmic EMG bursts in the epaxial muscles are produced by pattern 
      generators, and the timing of EMG bursts among the different levels of the 
      epaxial muscles are altered by walking condition input via peripheral afferents 
      and descending pathways.
FAU - Wada, Naomi
AU  - Wada N
AD  - Department of Veterinary Physiology, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi City, 
      753-8515, Japan. naomi@yamaguchi-u.ac.jp
FAU - Akatani, Junko
AU  - Akatani J
FAU - Miyajima, Noriko
AU  - Miyajima N
FAU - Shimojo, Kengo
AU  - Shimojo K
FAU - Kanda, Kenro
AU  - Kanda K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20060506
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Brain Res
JT  - Brain research
JID - 0045503
SB  - IM
MH  - Action Potentials/physiology
MH  - Afferent Pathways/physiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomechanical Phenomena
MH  - Cats
MH  - Central Nervous System/physiology
MH  - Efferent Pathways/physiology
MH  - Electromyography
MH  - Exercise Test
MH  - Extremities/physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Gait/*physiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Movement/*physiology
MH  - Muscle Contraction/*physiology
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/*physiology
MH  - Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology
MH  - Spine/anatomy & histology/*physiology
MH  - Walking/*physiology
MH  - Weight-Bearing/physiology
EDAT- 2006/05/10 09:00
MHDA- 2006/09/26 09:00
CRDT- 2006/05/10 09:00
PHST- 2005/07/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/01/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2006/01/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/05/10 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/09/26 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/05/10 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0006-8993(06)00176-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.132 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Brain Res. 2006 May 23;1090(1):99-109. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.132. Epub 
      2006 May 6.