PMID- 16684387
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061026
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1368-9800 (Print)
IS  - 1368-9800 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 3
DP  - 2006 May
TI  - The determinants of overweight and obesity among 10- to 15-year-old 
      schoolchildren in the North West Province, South Africa - the THUSA BANA 
      (Transition and Health during Urbanisation of South Africans; BANA, children) 
      study.
PG  - 351-8
AB  - AIM: To investigate the determinants of overweight and obesity among 10- to 
      15-year-old schoolchildren in a population in the transitional phase in the North 
      West Province of South Africa. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was used to 
      investigate weight status (anthropometric indicators) and determinants of 
      overweight/obesity including dietary intake, physical activity and socio-economic 
      status. A single, random sample (n=1257), stratified for gender, type of school 
      and ethnic group, was used. Data were collected on demographics, family 
      circumstances, habitual physical activity, dietary intake and anthropometry to 
      evaluate weight status and body fat content. One-way analysis of variance, the 
      generalised linear models procedure of SAS and the Tukey post hoc honest 
      significant difference test were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Few children 
      were overweight or obese (7.8%) according to International Obesity Task Force 
      (IOTF) standards (body mass index (BMI)-for-age). These standards were compared 
      with other accepted standard values. Both Cole's IOTF/BMI-for-age standard and 
      the sum of skinfold thicknesses standard classified normal-weight status 
      similarly at a level of 92% (P<0.01) and were found to be useful in determining 
      overweight/obesity. The prevalence rate was higher in females and white children, 
      and was more apparent in urban areas, smaller households and children of parents 
      with low- or high-income occupations. Boys and pre-menarcheal girls had mean body 
      fat percentage in the normal/optimal range, whereas that of post-menarcheal girls 
      was moderately high. Few variables showed a significant association with high 
      body fat percentage: in boys, only the number of members in the household and 
      physical activity levels over the weekend; in girls, only age. The 
      overweight/obese boys mostly lived in smaller households, and the 
      overweight/obese post-menarcheal girls were most inactive on both weekdays and 
      weekends, and more overweight with increasing age. CONCLUSION: Smaller 
      households, inactivity and increasing age for girls were found to be determinants 
      that influence the development of overweight/obesity, while female gender and age 
      post-menarche were identified as determinants of higher body fat content. For 
      overweight/obesity prevention, the focus should be on pre-menarcheal girls, aged 
      10-13 years, using these determinants to identify overweight/obesity risk. 
      Preventive programmes should aim to increase the physical activity of children to 
      improve their current and future weight status.
FAU - Kruger, R
AU  - Kruger R
AD  - Department of Consumer Science, University of Pretoria, South Africa. 
      rkruger@scientia.up.za
FAU - Kruger, H S
AU  - Kruger HS
FAU - Macintyre, U E
AU  - Macintyre UE
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Public Health Nutr
JT  - Public health nutrition
JID - 9808463
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Age Factors
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Child
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Energy Intake/*physiology
MH  - Ethnicity
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Family Characteristics
MH  - Female
MH  - *Health Surveys
MH  - Humans
MH  - Linear Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Menarche/physiology
MH  - Obesity/*epidemiology
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Social Class
MH  - South Africa/epidemiology
MH  - Urban Health
EDAT- 2006/05/11 09:00
MHDA- 2006/10/27 09:00
CRDT- 2006/05/11 09:00
PHST- 2006/05/11 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/10/27 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/05/11 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S1368980006000632 [pii]
AID - 10.1079/phn2006849 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Public Health Nutr. 2006 May;9(3):351-8. doi: 10.1079/phn2006849.