PMID- 16702830
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070109
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 1350-7540 (Print)
IS  - 1350-7540 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 3
DP  - 2006 Jun
TI  - Epidemiology and natural history of multiple sclerosis: new insights.
PG  - 248-54
AB  - PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The cause of multiple sclerosis remains elusive. We review 
      recent epidemiological studies of genetic and environmental factors that 
      influence susceptibility to the disease and its clinical course. RECENT FINDINGS: 
      Genetic advances strengthen the association of multiple sclerosis with the human 
      leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 allele and interferon-gamma polymorphisms and 
      suggest that apolipoprotein E alleles play an important role. In the 
      environmental realm, nested case-control studies show that prior Epstein-Barr 
      virus exposure is overrepresented in multiple sclerosis. Smoking has been 
      associated with both risk of multiple sclerosis and progressive disease. Vitamin 
      D deficiency might tie together environmental clues with higher multiple 
      sclerosis prevalence rates; dietary vitamin supplementation is also associated 
      with reduced multiple sclerosis risk. Natural history studies demonstrated 
      dissociation between relapses and disease progression, facilitated the ability to 
      distinguish neuromyelitis optica and related syndromes from typical multiple 
      sclerosis, and spawned the exploration of large datasets to model long-term 
      disease activity. SUMMARY: Our understanding of the contributions of specific 
      genetic and environmental factors that contribute to multiple sclerosis has 
      improved. Further refinements will eventually allow powerful longitudinal studies 
      to assess genetic and environmental interactions with implications for prediction 
      of individual disease susceptibility, clinical course, and response to therapy.
FAU - Kantarci, Orhun
AU  - Kantarci O
AD  - Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
FAU - Wingerchuk, Dean
AU  - Wingerchuk D
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - England
TA  - Curr Opin Neurol
JT  - Current opinion in neurology
JID - 9319162
RN  - 0 (HLA-DR Antigens)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DRB1 Chains)
SB  - IM
MH  - Disease Susceptibility
MH  - Environment
MH  - HLA-DR Antigens/immunology
MH  - HLA-DRB1 Chains
MH  - Humans
MH  - Multiple Sclerosis/*epidemiology/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Risk Factors
RF  - 83
EDAT- 2006/05/17 09:00
MHDA- 2007/01/11 09:00
CRDT- 2006/05/17 09:00
PHST- 2006/05/17 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/01/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/05/17 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 00019052-200606000-00004 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/01.wco.0000227033.47458.82 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Opin Neurol. 2006 Jun;19(3):248-54. doi: 10.1097/01.wco.0000227033.47458.82.