PMID- 16709038
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060818
LR  - 20211203
IS  - 1092-0684 (Electronic)
IS  - 1092-0684 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 4
DP  - 2006 Apr 15
TI  - Autophagy, the Trojan horse to combat glioblastomas.
PG  - E7
AB  - Malignant gliomas, among which glioblastomas constitute the largest group, are 
      characterized by a dramatically diffuse infiltration into the brain parenchyma 
      with, as a consequence, the fact that no patient with glioblastoma multiforme 
      (GBM) has been cured to date. Migrating GBM cells are resistant to apoptosis 
      (Type I programmed cell death), and thus to radiotherapy and conventional 
      chemotherapy, because of the constitutive activation of several intracellular 
      signaling pathways, of which the most important identified to date are the 
      pathways controlled by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, and the mammalian 
      target of rapamycin (mTOR). Migrating GBM cells seem to be less prone to resist 
      autophagy (Type II programmed cell death), and disruption of the pathway 
      controlled by mTOR induces marked autophagic processes in GBM cells. Temozolomide 
      is the most efficacious cytotoxic drug employed today to combat glioblastoma, and 
      this drug exerts its cytotoxic activity through proautophagic processes. Thus, 
      autophagy represents a kind of Trojan horse that can be used to bypass, at least 
      partly, the dramatic resistance of glioblastoma to radiotherapy and 
      proapoptotic-related chemotherapy.
FAU - Lefranc, Florence
AU  - Lefranc F
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Erasme University Hospital, Belgium. 
      fllefran@ulb.ac.be
FAU - Kiss, Robert
AU  - Kiss R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20060415
PL  - United States
TA  - Neurosurg Focus
JT  - Neurosurgical focus
JID - 100896471
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic)
RN  - 7GR28W0FJI (Dacarbazine)
RN  - EC 2.7.- (Protein Kinases)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.1 (MTOR protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
RN  - YF1K15M17Y (Temozolomide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
MH  - Autophagy/*drug effects/*physiology
MH  - Brain Neoplasms/*drug therapy/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Cell Movement/drug effects/physiology
MH  - Dacarbazine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
MH  - Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
MH  - Glioblastoma/*drug therapy/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Protein Kinases/drug effects/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction/drug effects/physiology
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
MH  - Temozolomide
RF  - 37
EDAT- 2006/05/20 09:00
MHDA- 2006/08/19 09:00
CRDT- 2006/05/20 09:00
PHST- 2006/05/20 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/08/19 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/05/20 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 200407 [pii]
AID - 10.3171/foc.2006.20.4.4 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Neurosurg Focus. 2006 Apr 15;20(4):E7. doi: 10.3171/foc.2006.20.4.4.