PMID- 16721274
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060707
LR  - 20071114
IS  - 1073-2322 (Print)
IS  - 1073-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 25
IP  - 6
DP  - 2006 Jun
TI  - Intranasal exposure to staphylococcal enterotoxin B elicits an acute systemic 
      inflammatory response.
PG  - 647-56
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus produces a variety of superantigen exotoxins, including 
      staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Little is known regarding the pathogenesis of 
      SEB entering through the intranasal route. Intranasal exposure to SEB might occur 
      because of nasal packing following surgical procedure, biologic warfare, or even 
      S. aureus colonization. We evaluated the local and systemic effects of 
      intranasally delivered SEB using a series of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class 
      II transgenic mice as conventional mice expressing endogenous class II molecules 
      mount a poor immune response to SEB. Gene expression profiling using microarrays 
      showed robust up-regulation of genes involved in several proinflammatory pathways 
      as early as 3 h post-intranasal challenge with SEB in HLA class II transgenic 
      mice. This was accompanied by a several hundred-fold increase in serum levels of 
      pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, as well as 
      MCP-1 in HLA class II transgenic mice but not in C57BL/6 mice; CD4 or CD8 T-cells 
      independently contributed to the systemic cytokine response. Defective IL-12 or 
      IL-4 receptor signaling significantly decreased or increased serum IFN-gamma, 
      respectively. Intranasal exposure to SEB resulted in neutrophil influx into 
      bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and caused expansion of both CD4 and CD8 T-cells 
      expressing TCR V beta 8 in the spleen. This was accompanied by mononuclear cell 
      infiltration in the liver reminiscent of the systemic inflammatory response 
      syndrome. Thus, we have shown, for the first time, that intranasal administration 
      of SEB can cause systemic immune activation.
FAU - Rajagopalan, Govindarajan
AU  - Rajagopalan G
AD  - Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, 
      USA.
FAU - Sen, Moon M
AU  - Sen MM
FAU - Singh, Manisha
AU  - Singh M
FAU - Murali, Narayana S
AU  - Murali NS
FAU - Nath, Karl A
AU  - Nath KA
FAU - Iijima, Koji
AU  - Iijima K
FAU - Kita, Hirohito
AU  - Kita H
FAU - Leontovich, Alexey A
AU  - Leontovich AA
FAU - Gopinathan, Unnikrishnan
AU  - Gopinathan U
FAU - Patel, Robin
AU  - Patel R
FAU - David, Chella S
AU  - David CS
LA  - eng
GR  - AI14764/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Shock
JT  - Shock (Augusta, Ga.)
JID - 9421564
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Enterotoxins)
RN  - 0 (HLA-DR3 Antigen)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Interleukin-2)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Interleukin-4)
RN  - 39424-53-8 (enterotoxin B, staphylococcal)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Intranasal
MH  - Animals
MH  - CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
MH  - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
MH  - Cytokines/immunology
MH  - Enterotoxins/administration & dosage/immunology/*toxicity
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects/immunology
MH  - HLA-DR3 Antigen/genetics/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inflammation/chemically induced/immunology/pathology
MH  - Lung/immunology/pathology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Knockout
MH  - Neutrophil Infiltration/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Receptors, Interleukin-2/deficiency/immunology
MH  - Receptors, Interleukin-4/deficiency/immunology
MH  - Signal Transduction/drug effects/immunology
MH  - Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/chemically induced/*immunology/pathology
EDAT- 2006/05/25 09:00
MHDA- 2006/07/11 09:00
CRDT- 2006/05/25 09:00
PHST- 2006/05/25 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/07/11 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/05/25 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 00024382-200606000-00014 [pii]
AID - 10.1097/01.shk.0000209565.92445.7d [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Shock. 2006 Jun;25(6):647-56. doi: 10.1097/01.shk.0000209565.92445.7d.