PMID- 16738389
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061205
LR  - 20161124
IS  - 0047-2425 (Print)
IS  - 0047-2425 (Linking)
VI  - 35
IP  - 4
DP  - 2006 Jul-Aug
TI  - Using surface water application to reduce 1,3-dichloropropene emission from soil 
      fumigation.
PG  - 1040-8
AB  - High emissions from soil fumigants increase the risk of detrimental impact on 
      workers, bystanders, and the environment, and jeopardize future availability of 
      fumigants. Efficient and cost-effective approaches to minimize emissions are 
      needed. This study evaluated the potential of surface water application (or water 
      seal) to reduce 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) emissions from soil (Hanford sandy 
      loam) columns. Treatments included dry soil (control), initial water application 
      (8 mm of water just before fumigant application), initial plus a second water 
      application (2.6 mm) at 12 h, initial plus two water applications (2.6 mm each 
      time) at 12 and 24 h, standard high density polyethylene (HDPE) tarp, initial 
      water application plus HDPE tarp, and virtually impermeable film (VIF) tarp. 
      Emissions from the soil surface and distribution of 1,3-D in the soil-gas phase 
      were monitored for 2 wk. Each water application abruptly reduced 1,3-D emission 
      flux, which rebounded over a few hours. Peak emission rates were substantially 
      reduced, but total emission reduction was small. Total fumigant emission was 51% 
      of applied for the control, 46% for initial water application only, and 41% for 
      the three intermittent water applications with the remaining water treatment 
      intermediate. The HDPE tarp alone resulted in 45% emission, while initial water 
      application plus HDPE tarp resulted in 38% emission. The most effective soil 
      surface treatment was VIF tarp (10% emission). Surface water application can be 
      as effective, and less expensive than, standard HDPE tarp. Frequent water 
      application is required to substantially reduce emissions.
FAU - Gao, Suduan
AU  - Gao S
AD  - USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural 
      Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648, USA. sgao@frensno.ars.usda.gov
FAU - Trout, Thomas J
AU  - Trout TJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20060531
PL  - United States
TA  - J Environ Qual
JT  - Journal of environmental quality
JID - 0330666
RN  - 0 (Allyl Compounds)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 9H780918D0 (1,3-dichloro-1-propene)
SB  - IM
MH  - Agriculture/methods
MH  - Allyl Compounds/*analysis/chemistry
MH  - Fumigation/*methods
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated
MH  - Pesticides/*analysis/chemistry
MH  - Soil Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Volatilization
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
MH  - Water Supply/analysis/standards
EDAT- 2006/06/02 09:00
MHDA- 2006/12/09 09:00
CRDT- 2006/06/02 09:00
PHST- 2006/06/02 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/12/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/06/02 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 35/4/1040 [pii]
AID - 10.2134/jeq2005.0331 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - J Environ Qual. 2006 May 31;35(4):1040-8. doi: 10.2134/jeq2005.0331. Print 2006 
      Jul-Aug.