PMID- 16755369
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20071129
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0939-4451 (Print)
IS  - 0939-4451 (Linking)
VI  - 32
IP  - 1
DP  - 2007 Jan
TI  - Biochemistry of D-aspartate in mammalian cells.
PG  - 3-11
AB  - Recent investigations have shown that D-aspartate (D-Asp) plays an important 
      physiological role(s) in the mammalian body. Here, several recent studies of free 
      D-Asp metabolism in mammals, focusing on cellular localization in tissues, 
      intracellular localization, biosynthesis, efflux, uptake and degradation are 
      reviewed. D-Asp in mammalian tissues is present in specific cells, indicating the 
      existence of specific molecular components that regulate D-Asp levels and 
      localization in tissues. In the rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC12) and its 
      subclones, D-Asp is synthesized intracellularly, most likely by Asp racemase(s). 
      Endogenous D-Asp apparently has two different intracellular localization 
      patterns: cytoplasmic and vesicular. In PC12 cells, D-Asp release can occur 
      through three distinct pathways: 1) spontaneous, continuous release of 
      cytoplasmic D-Asp, which is not associated with a specific stimulus; 2) release 
      of cytoplasmic D-Asp via a volume-sensitive organic anion channel that connects 
      the cytoplasm and extracellular space; 3) exocytotic discharge of vesicular 
      D-Asp. Under certain conditions, D-Asp can be released via a mechanism that 
      involves the L-Glu transporter. D-Asp is thus apparently in dynamic flux at the 
      cellular level to carry out its physiological function(s) in mammals.
FAU - Homma, H
AU  - Homma H
AD  - Laboratory of Biomolecular Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato 
      University, Tokyo, Japan. hommah@pharm.kitasato-u.ac.jp
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20060607
PL  - Austria
TA  - Amino Acids
JT  - Amino acids
JID - 9200312
RN  - 0 (Amino Acid Transport System X-AG)
RN  - 0 (Ion Channels)
RN  - 4SR0Q8YD1X (D-Aspartic Acid)
RN  - EC 5.1.1.- (Amino Acid Isomerases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Isomerases/metabolism
MH  - Amino Acid Transport System X-AG/*metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - D-Aspartic Acid/*metabolism
MH  - Exocytosis/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Ion Channels/*metabolism
MH  - PC12 Cells
MH  - Rats
MH  - Secretory Vesicles/*metabolism
RF  - 89
EDAT- 2006/06/07 09:00
MHDA- 2007/12/06 09:00
CRDT- 2006/06/07 09:00
PHST- 2006/01/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/01/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/06/07 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/12/06 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/06/07 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00726-006-0354-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Amino Acids. 2007 Jan;32(1):3-11. doi: 10.1007/s00726-006-0354-6. Epub 2006 Jun 
      7.