PMID- 16757548
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061121
LR  - 20181201
IS  - 0193-1849 (Print)
IS  - 0193-1849 (Linking)
VI  - 291
IP  - 5
DP  - 2006 Nov
TI  - Tissue-specific expression and regulation of GSK-3 in human skeletal muscle and 
      adipose tissue.
PG  - E891-8
AB  - Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a ubiquitous kinase implicated in both 
      insulin action and adipogenesis. To determine how these multiple roles may relate 
      to insulin resistance, we studied the regulation of GSK-3 protein expression and 
      phosphorylation in skeletal muscle and isolated adipocytes from nonobese healthy 
      control (HC), obese control (OC), and obese type 2 diabetic (OT2D) subjects. At 
      baseline there were no differences in the GSK-3 protein expression in adipocytes. 
      OC subjects underwent a 6-mo caloric restriction resulting in a 7% decrease in 
      body mass index (BMI) and a 21% improvement in insulin-stimulated whole body 
      glucose disposal rate (GDR). GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta expression decreased in 
      adipocytes (P < 0.05), whereas GSK-3alpha protein expression increased in 
      skeletal muscle (P < 0.05). OT2D subjects were treated with troglitazone or 
      metformin for 3-4 mo. After troglitazone treatment GDR improved (P < 0.05) 
      despite an increase in BMI (P < 0.05), whereas metformin had no significant 
      effect on GDR. There was no significant change in GSK-3 expression in adipocytes 
      following troglitazone, whereas both GSK-3alpha and -beta were decreased in 
      skeletal muscle (P < 0.05). Metformin treatment had no significant impact on 
      GSK-3 protein expression in either adipocytes or skeletal muscle. Neither 
      treatment influenced GSK-3 serine phosphorylation in skeletal muscle or 
      adipocytes. These results suggest that there is tissue specificity for the 
      regulation of GSK-3 in humans. In skeletal muscle GSK-3 plays a role in control 
      of metabolism and insulin action, whereas the function in adipose tissue is less 
      clear.
FAU - Ciaraldi, Theodore P
AU  - Ciaraldi TP
AD  - Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
FAU - Oh, Deborah K
AU  - Oh DK
FAU - Christiansen, Louis
AU  - Christiansen L
FAU - Nikoulina, Svetlana E
AU  - Nikoulina SE
FAU - Kong, Alice P S
AU  - Kong AP
FAU - Baxi, Sunita
AU  - Baxi S
FAU - Mudaliar, Sunder
AU  - Mudaliar S
FAU - Henry, Robert R
AU  - Henry RR
LA  - eng
GR  - M01-RR-00827/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R01-DK-258291/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Clinical Trial
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20060606
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
JT  - American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism
JID - 100901226
RN  - 0 (Blood Glucose)
RN  - 0 (Chromans)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Thiazolidinediones)
RN  - 9100L32L2N (Metformin)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (GSK3B protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.26 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.26 (glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha)
RN  - I66ZZ0ZN0E (Troglitazone)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Biopsy
MH  - Blood Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Caloric Restriction
MH  - Chromans/administration & dosage
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy/*metabolism
MH  - Female
MH  - Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/*metabolism
MH  - Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
MH  - Insulin Resistance
MH  - Male
MH  - Metformin/administration & dosage
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/cytology/*enzymology
MH  - Obesity/drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Phosphorylation
MH  - Subcutaneous Fat/cytology/*enzymology
MH  - Thiazolidinediones/administration & dosage
MH  - Troglitazone
MH  - Weight Loss
EDAT- 2006/06/08 09:00
MHDA- 2006/12/09 09:00
CRDT- 2006/06/08 09:00
PHST- 2006/06/08 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/12/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/06/08 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 00176.2006 [pii]
AID - 10.1152/ajpendo.00176.2006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;291(5):E891-8. doi: 
      10.1152/ajpendo.00176.2006. Epub 2006 Jun 6.