PMID- 16773645
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20070808
LR  - 20220311
IS  - 0260-437X (Print)
IS  - 0260-437X (Linking)
VI  - 26
IP  - 4
DP  - 2006 Jul-Aug
TI  - A future approach to measuring relative skin sensitising potency: a proposal.
PG  - 341-50
AB  - Current approaches to skin sensitisation risk assessment are dependent upon the 
      availability of information regarding two fundamental parameters. Firstly, data 
      relating to the relative skin sensitising potency of the chemical, and secondly, 
      information regarding likely conditions of human exposure. During the past two 
      decades, much has been achieved in terms of refining methods capable of informing 
      these parameters. For example, the development of the local lymph node assay 
      (LLNA) has made it possible to predict skin sensitising hazard, and to determine 
      relative skin sensitising potency, in a way that was not possible previously. 
      Taken together with accurate information about predicted exposure, such potency 
      data can be used to facilitate the derivation of effective risk assessments. 
      However, although the LLNA provides an integrated assessment of skin sensitising 
      activity, it does require the use of experimental animals and there is growing 
      enthusiasm for designing robust alternative approaches that will reduce or 
      obviate that need. Progress is being made in defining alternative experimental 
      strategies that avoid animal use, but it is clear that accurate characterisation 
      of skin sensitisation hazards will require the effective integration of various 
      sources of information. For this reason, we exemplify here one possible approach 
      that, in theory, provides a framework for not only the identification of skin 
      sensitising chemicals, but also the estimation of relative sensitising potency. 
      This paradigm depends upon development of an understanding of the various 
      biological, biochemical and chemical factors that impact on the allergenic 
      properties of chemicals and the acquisition of skin sensitisation, and an ability 
      to measure these in vitro.
CI  - Copyright 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FAU - Jowsey, Ian R
AU  - Jowsey IR
AD  - Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, UK. 
      ian.jowsey@unilever.com
FAU - Basketter, David A
AU  - Basketter DA
FAU - Westmoreland, Carl
AU  - Westmoreland C
FAU - Kimber, Ian
AU  - Kimber I
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - J Appl Toxicol
JT  - Journal of applied toxicology : JAT
JID - 8109495
RN  - 0 (Haptens)
RN  - 0 (Oligopeptides)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Animal Testing Alternatives
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antigen-Presenting Cells/*drug effects
MH  - Cell Proliferation
MH  - Cells, Cultured
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/*etiology
MH  - Endpoint Determination/methods
MH  - Haptens/metabolism/*toxicity
MH  - Humans
MH  - Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - Lymph Nodes/cytology/drug effects
MH  - Mice
MH  - Oligopeptides/chemistry/*metabolism
MH  - Protein Binding
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Risk Assessment/methods
MH  - Skin/*drug effects
MH  - T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*drug effects
EDAT- 2006/06/15 09:00
MHDA- 2007/08/09 09:00
CRDT- 2006/06/15 09:00
PHST- 2006/06/15 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/08/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/06/15 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1002/jat.1146 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Appl Toxicol. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4):341-50. doi: 10.1002/jat.1146.