PMID- 16792698
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20071024
LR  - 20240315
IS  - 0019-2805 (Print)
IS  - 1365-2567 (Electronic)
IS  - 0019-2805 (Linking)
VI  - 119
IP  - 1
DP  - 2006 Sep
TI  - A T2 cytokine environment may not limit T1 responses in human immunodeficiency 
      virus patients with a favourable response to antiretroviral therapy.
PG  - 74-82
AB  - Low-level production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) marks human immunodeficiency 
      virus (HIV)-induced immunodeficiency and has been ascribed to a bias towards T2 
      cytokines. This was investigated in two cross-sectional studies of HIV patients 
      who were immunodeficient when they began antiretroviral therapy (ART) and had 
      stable increases in CD4 T-cell counts. Blood leucocytes were assessed 
      unstimulated or after stimulation with cytomegalovirus (CMV), anti-CD3 or 
      mitogen. IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-5 responses were initially assessed by 
      enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot-forming cell assay (ELISPOT) and enzyme-linked 
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We then adopted a sensitive reverse 
      transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) system to assess IFN-gamma, 
      IL-5, IL-4 and IL-4delta2 (an inhibitory splice variant of IL-4) mRNA. The 
      results were correlated with putative serological markers of a T1 [lymphocyte 
      activation gene-3 (LAG-3), CD26] or a T2 [CD30, immunoglobulin E (IgE)] cytokine 
      environment. IL-5 production and IgE levels were elevated in patients. IgE levels 
      did not correlate with IFN-gamma, but showed an inverse correlation with IL-5 
      released in culture (P = 0.05). The levels of IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-5 and 
      IL-4delta2 mRNA were correlated after anti-CD3 stimulation, where IL-5 was the 
      best predictor of IFN-gamma mRNA (P = 0.006). Weak positive correlations were 
      evident between CD30 and cytokine mRNA levels, whilst IgE correlated inversely 
      with IL-4, IL-4delta2, IL-5 and IFN-gamma mRNA levels. These analyses provide no 
      evidence for an inverse relationship between T1 and T2 cytokine responses in HIV 
      patients, but suggest that the elevation of IgE marks low cytokine responses.
FAU - Price, Patricia
AU  - Price P
AD  - School of Surgery and Pathology, University of Western Australia, Australia. 
      pprice@cyllene.uwa.edu.au
FAU - Keane, Niamh M
AU  - Keane NM
FAU - Lee, Silvia
AU  - Lee S
FAU - Lim, Andrew F Y
AU  - Lim AF
FAU - McKinnon, Elizabeth J
AU  - McKinnon EJ
FAU - French, Martyn A
AU  - French MA
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20060622
PL  - England
TA  - Immunology
JT  - Immunology
JID - 0374672
RN  - 0 (Anti-Retroviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (CD3 Complex)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-5)
RN  - 0 (Mitogens)
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 207137-56-2 (Interleukin-4)
RN  - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
RN  - 82115-62-6 (Interferon-gamma)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Alternative Splicing
MH  - Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use
MH  - Biomarkers/blood
MH  - CD3 Complex/pharmacology
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Cytokines/*blood
MH  - Cytomegalovirus/immunology
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - HIV Infections/drug therapy/*immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin E/blood
MH  - Interferon-gamma/blood/genetics
MH  - Interleukin-4/blood/genetics
MH  - Interleukin-5/blood/genetics
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Mitogens/pharmacology
MH  - RNA, Messenger
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Th1 Cells/*immunology
MH  - Th2 Cells/*immunology
MH  - Treatment Outcome
PMC - PMC1782334
EDAT- 2006/06/24 09:00
MHDA- 2007/10/25 09:00
PMCR- 2007/09/01
CRDT- 2006/06/24 09:00
PHST- 2006/06/24 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2007/10/25 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/06/24 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2007/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IMM2407 [pii]
AID - 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02407.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Immunology. 2006 Sep;119(1):74-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02407.x. Epub 
      2006 Jun 22.