PMID- 16809328
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060830
LR  - 20220129
IS  - 0022-538X (Print)
IS  - 1098-5514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-538X (Linking)
VI  - 80
IP  - 14
DP  - 2006 Jul
TI  - Passive sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants and 
      adaptation in new hosts.
PG  - 7226-34
AB  - Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genetic diversity is a major obstacle 
      for the design of a successful vaccine. Certain viral polymorphisms encode human 
      leukocyte antigen (HLA)-associated immune escape, potentially overcoming limited 
      vaccine protection. Although transmission of immune escape variants has been 
      reported, the overall extent to which this phenomenon occurs in populations and 
      the degree to which it contributes to HIV-1 viral evolution are unknown. 
      Selection on the HIV-1 env gene at transmission favors neutralization-sensitive 
      variants, but it is not known to what degree selection acts on the internal HIV-1 
      proteins to restrict or enhance the transmission of immune escape variants. 
      Studies have suggested that HLA class I may determine susceptibility to HIV-1 
      infection, but a definitive role for HLA at transmission remains unproven. 
      Comparing populations of acute seroconverters and chronically infected patients, 
      we found no evidence of selection acting to restrict transmission of HIV-1 
      variants. We found that statistical associations previously reported in chronic 
      infection between viral polymorphisms and HLA class I alleles are not present in 
      acute infection, suggesting that the majority of viral polymorphisms in these 
      patients are the result of transmission rather than de novo adaptation. Using 
      four episodes of HIV-1 transmission in which the donors and recipients were both 
      sampled very close to the time of infection we found that, despite a transmission 
      bottleneck, genetic variants of HIV-1 infection are transmitted in a 
      frequency-dependent manner. As HIV-1 infections are seeded by unique 
      donor-adapted viral variants, each episode is a highly individual antigenic 
      challenge. Host-specific, idiosyncratic HIV-1 antigenic diversity will seriously 
      tax the efficacy of immunization based on consensus sequences.
FAU - Frater, A J
AU  - Frater AJ
AD  - The James Martin 21st Century School, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Peter 
      Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, United 
      Kingdom.
FAU - Edwards, C T T
AU  - Edwards CT
FAU - McCarthy, N
AU  - McCarthy N
FAU - Fox, J
AU  - Fox J
FAU - Brown, H
AU  - Brown H
FAU - Milicic, A
AU  - Milicic A
FAU - Mackie, N
AU  - Mackie N
FAU - Pillay, T
AU  - Pillay T
FAU - Drijfhout, J W
AU  - Drijfhout JW
FAU - Dustan, S
AU  - Dustan S
FAU - Clarke, J R
AU  - Clarke JR
FAU - Holmes, E C
AU  - Holmes EC
FAU - Zhang, H T
AU  - Zhang HT
FAU - Pfafferott, K
AU  - Pfafferott K
FAU - Goulder, P J
AU  - Goulder PJ
FAU - McClure, M O
AU  - McClure MO
FAU - Weber, J
AU  - Weber J
FAU - Phillips, R E
AU  - Phillips RE
FAU - Fidler, S
AU  - Fidler S
LA  - eng
GR  - G108/626/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom
GR  - R01 AI046995/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - AI046995-06/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JT  - Journal of virology
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (AIDS Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Gene Products, env)
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
SB  - IM
MH  - AIDS Vaccines/genetics/immunology/therapeutic use
MH  - Acute Disease
MH  - Adaptation, Physiological/genetics/immunology
MH  - Adult
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Gene Products, env/*genetics/immunology
MH  - Genes, MHC Class I/genetics/immunology
MH  - HIV Seropositivity/*genetics/immunology/therapy/*transmission
MH  - HIV-1/*genetics/immunology
MH  - HLA Antigens/genetics/immunology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunotherapy
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - *Polymorphism, Genetic
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Selection, Genetic
PMC - PMC1489048
EDAT- 2006/07/01 09:00
MHDA- 2006/08/31 09:00
PMCR- 2006/11/01
CRDT- 2006/07/01 09:00
PHST- 2006/07/01 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/08/31 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/07/01 09:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2006/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 80/14/7226 [pii]
AID - 2014-05 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/JVI.02014-05 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol. 2006 Jul;80(14):7226-34. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02014-05.