PMID- 16822543 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20070801 LR - 20091119 IS - 0143-4004 (Print) IS - 0143-4004 (Linking) VI - 28 IP - 5-6 DP - 2007 May-Jun TI - Does immune stimulation or antioxidant therapy reduce MNU-induced placental damage via activation of Jak-STAT and NFkappaB signaling pathways? PG - 566-70 AB - Maternal oxidative balance and immune health impact both placental and fetal developments. The alkylating agent methylnitrosourea (MNU) increases placental oxidative stress and alters fetal development; the proposed mechanism is placental inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and cell loss resulting in reduced fetal-maternal circulation and fetal hypoxia. Results of the present study suggest two primary cellular signaling pathways associated with placental and fetal malformations in mice following mid-gestational MNU: Jak-STAT and NFkappaB. Activation of these pathways was associated with increased placental granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, leptin, macrophage chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), thrombopoietin (TPO), and vasculoendothelial growth factor (VEGF), and decreased IL-10. Maternal immunostimulation with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), or antioxidant supplementation with butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) partially restored placental cytokine levels relative to controls, suggesting that maternal immunity and oxidative stress may both contribute to placental dysregulation and fetal maldevelopment following MNU. FAU - Prater, M R AU - Prater MR AD - The Edward Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, 2265 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA. mrprater@vt.edu FAU - Laudermilch, C L AU - Laudermilch CL FAU - Holladay, S D AU - Holladay SD LA - eng GR - K01-RR-17018/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural DEP - 20060705 PL - Netherlands TA - Placenta JT - Placenta JID - 8006349 RN - 0 (Adjuvants, Immunologic) RN - 0 (Antioxidants) RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (NF-kappa B) RN - 0 (STAT3 Transcription Factor) RN - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A) RN - 684-93-5 (Methylnitrosourea) RN - EC 2.7.10.2 (Janus Kinases) SB - IM MH - Adjuvants, Immunologic/*pharmacology MH - Animals MH - Antioxidants/*pharmacology MH - Cytokines/physiology MH - Female MH - Janus Kinases/*metabolism MH - Methylnitrosourea/*toxicity MH - Mice MH - NF-kappa B/*physiology MH - Placenta/drug effects/*pathology/*physiology MH - Pregnancy MH - STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism MH - Signal Transduction MH - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/physiology EDAT- 2006/07/11 09:00 MHDA- 2007/08/02 09:00 CRDT- 2006/07/11 09:00 PHST- 2006/02/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2006/05/01 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2006/05/10 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2006/07/11 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2007/08/02 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/07/11 09:00 [entrez] AID - S0143-4004(06)00125-1 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.05.002 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Placenta. 2007 May-Jun;28(5-6):566-70. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2006.05.002. Epub 2006 Jul 5.