PMID- 16824965
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061207
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 0730-725X (Print)
IS  - 0730-725X (Linking)
VI  - 24
IP  - 6
DP  - 2006 Jul
TI  - Imaging brain activity in conscious monkeys following oral MDMA ("ecstasy").
PG  - 707-14
AB  - Recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA;"ecstasy") poses 
      worldwide potential health problems. Clinical studies show that repeated exposure 
      to low oral doses of MDMA has toxic effects on the brain, altering cognitive and 
      psychosocial behavior. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in conscious 
      marmoset monkeys was used to evaluate the sensitivity of the brain to an oral 
      dose of MDMA (1 mg/kg). Following MDMA administration, the midbrain raphe nuclei 
      and substantia nigra, major sources of serotonin and dopamine, were activated as 
      were the hippocampus, hypothalamus and amygdala. The corticostriatal circuit of 
      dorsal thalamus, sensorimotor cortex and basal ganglia showed a robust, coherent 
      activation pattern. Two key reward areas, the nucleus accumbens and prefrontal 
      cortex, and most other cortical regions showed little activation. The visual 
      cortex, however, showed intense activation without applied visual stimuli. These 
      data identify brain areas and functional circuits sensitive to a recreational 
      dose of MDMA, some of which may be vulnerable to long-term intermittent exposure 
      to this drug.
FAU - Brevard, Mathew E
AU  - Brevard ME
AD  - Center for Comparative Neuroimaging, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 
      Worcester, MA 01655, USA. mathew.brevard@umassmed.edu
FAU - Meyer, Jerrold S
AU  - Meyer JS
FAU - Harder, Josie A
AU  - Harder JA
FAU - Ferris, Craig F
AU  - Ferris CF
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 DA19158/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
DEP - 20060526
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Magn Reson Imaging
JT  - Magnetic resonance imaging
JID - 8214883
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Oral
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/*drug effects
MH  - Brain Mapping/methods
MH  - Callithrix
MH  - Consciousness
MH  - Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
MH  - Female
MH  - Hallucinogens/*pharmacology
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
MH  - Male
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/*pharmacology
EDAT- 2006/07/11 09:00
MHDA- 2006/12/09 09:00
CRDT- 2006/07/11 09:00
PHST- 2005/03/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/03/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/07/11 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/12/09 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/07/11 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0730-725X(06)00129-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.mri.2006.03.010 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Magn Reson Imaging. 2006 Jul;24(6):707-14. doi: 10.1016/j.mri.2006.03.010. Epub 
      2006 May 26.