PMID- 16842141
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20060829
LR  - 20191026
IS  - 1570-1611 (Print)
IS  - 1570-1611 (Linking)
VI  - 4
IP  - 3
DP  - 2006 Jul
TI  - Hyperhomocysteinemia in movement disorders: Current evidence and hypotheses.
PG  - 237-43
AB  - Elevated plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are a risk factor for systemic 
      vascular diseases, stroke and vascular dementia. In recent years, increasing Hcy 
      levels have been detected in neurological disorders that are not vascular in 
      origin including Alzheimer's Disease and movement disorders (MD) such as 
      idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD) and primary 
      dystonia. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in PD results from L-Dopa administration 
      and its O-methylation dependent from catechol-O-methyltransferase and may be 
      implicated in the development of motor complications and non-motor symptoms, such 
      as dementia. In a recent study, HHcy has been evidenced in HD patients, compared 
      to controls. Because mutated Huntington protein influences Hcy metabolism by 
      modulating cystathionine-beta-synthase activity, Hcy could represent a biological 
      marker of neurodegeneration and could explain the leading role of cardiovascular 
      and cerebrovascular diseases as causes of death in HD. Finally, several cases of 
      homocystinuria associated with dystonia, and some recent reports of elevated Hcy 
      in patients with primary adult onset dystonia have been published. Increased Hcy 
      plasma levels may have important implications in patients affected by these basal 
      ganglia disturbances, by exerting neurotoxic effects, contributing to 
      neurotransmitter imbalance in motor circuits, and increasing the risk for 
      vascular insults and cognitive dysfunctions.
FAU - Zoccolella, Stefano
AU  - Zoccolella S
AD  - Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Bari, Italy.
FAU - Martino, Davide
AU  - Martino D
FAU - Defazio, Giovanni
AU  - Defazio G
FAU - Lamberti, Paolo
AU  - Lamberti P
FAU - Livrea, Paolo
AU  - Livrea P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Meta-Analysis
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Vasc Pharmacol
JT  - Current vascular pharmacology
JID - 101157208
RN  - 0 (Dopamine Agents)
RN  - 0LVT1QZ0BA (Homocysteine)
RN  - 46627O600J (Levodopa)
RN  - EC 1.5.1.20 (Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2))
RN  - EC 2.1.1.6 (Catechol O-Methyltransferase)
RN  - EC 4.2.1.22 (Cystathionine beta-Synthase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Animals
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Catechol O-Methyltransferase/metabolism
MH  - Cystathionine beta-Synthase/metabolism
MH  - Dopamine Agents/adverse effects/metabolism
MH  - Dystonia/blood
MH  - Homocysteine/*blood/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Huntington Disease/blood/enzymology
MH  - Hyperhomocysteinemia/*blood/etiology/metabolism
MH  - Levodopa/adverse effects/metabolism
MH  - Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)/metabolism
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Movement Disorders/*blood/drug therapy/enzymology
MH  - Parkinson Disease/blood/drug therapy/enzymology
MH  - Prospective Studies
EDAT- 2006/07/18 09:00
MHDA- 2006/08/30 09:00
CRDT- 2006/07/18 09:00
PHST- 2006/07/18 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/08/30 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/07/18 09:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.2174/157016106777698414 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2006 Jul;4(3):237-43. doi: 10.2174/157016106777698414.