PMID- 16844199
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20061113
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 0048-9697 (Print)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 370
IP  - 1
DP  - 2006 Oct 15
TI  - Identifying contemporary and historic sources of soil polychlorinated 
      dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in an industrial urban 
      setting.
PG  - 61-9
AB  - A study of soil polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated 
      dibenzofurans (PCDD/F) concentrations was undertaken in the vicinity of a 
      municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) in Newcastle upon Tyne as a result of 
      concerns raised by local residents about potential contamination from fugitive 
      and stack emissions. The study area was divided into four sectors (north-east 
      (NE), south-east (SE), north-west (NW) and south-west (SW)) around the MSWI, and 
      sampling sites were located up to a distance of 2.25 km. Based on air dispersion 
      modelling, the sampling density was four times greater in the NE (downwind) 
      sector compared to the SW (upwind) direction, and twice as great in the NW and SE 
      sectors. PCDD/F concentrations found in soil samples ranged from 6 to 1911 ng 
      I-TEQ/kg DW with a median of 32 ng I-TEQ/kg DW. There was no evidence of elevated 
      concentrations downwind of the MSWI compared to other directions, nor of any 
      trend in concentration at increasing distance from the MSWI. We concluded, 
      therefore, that the MSWI fugitive and stack emissions were not a major source of 
      PCDD/F contamination. Analysis of PCDD/F homologue profiles showed that samples 
      exhibiting furan-dominated and OCDD-dominated profiles and a profile 
      characteristic of the MSWI ash occurred in distinct clusters. Those samples 
      showing the furan-dominated profile had the largest PCDD/F concentrations 
      measured as I-TEQ, followed by samples with the incinerator profile, the 
      deposition profile, and the OCDD-dominated profile. We identified some 
      contamination hotspots located in the SW and SE sampling sectors (upwind of the 
      MSWI), and potential sources for these hotspots were sought by using historic 
      land use data from maps of the locality dating back to 1856. We concluded that 
      the cluster of very high concentrations of PCDD/F in soils showing the furan 
      homologue profile were most likely to have resulted from the disposal of graphite 
      electrode sludges from brine electrolysis carried out at a chemical works between 
      the 1890s and the 1930s.
FAU - Vizard, Catherine G
AU  - Vizard CG
AD  - School of Population and Health Sciences, William Leech Building, University of 
      Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
FAU - Rimmer, David L
AU  - Rimmer DL
FAU - Pless-Mulloli, Tanja
AU  - Pless-Mulloli T
FAU - Singleton, Ian
AU  - Singleton I
FAU - Air, Vivienne S
AU  - Air VS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20060717
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Benzofurans)
RN  - 0 (Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
SB  - IM
MH  - Benzofurans/*analysis
MH  - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Incineration
MH  - Industry
MH  - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/*analogs & derivatives/analysis
MH  - Soil/*analysis/standards
MH  - Soil Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - United Kingdom
MH  - *Urbanization
EDAT- 2006/07/18 09:00
MHDA- 2006/11/14 09:00
CRDT- 2006/07/18 09:00
PHST- 2006/02/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2006/06/01 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2006/06/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2006/07/18 09:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2006/11/14 09:00 [medline]
PHST- 2006/07/18 09:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(06)00435-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2006 Oct 15;370(1):61-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.06.006. 
      Epub 2006 Jul 17.