PMID- 16862541 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20061024 LR - 20060830 IS - 0360-4012 (Print) IS - 0360-4012 (Linking) VI - 84 IP - 4 DP - 2006 Sep TI - Revenge of the "sit": how lifestyle impacts neuronal and cognitive health through molecular systems that interface energy metabolism with neuronal plasticity. PG - 699-715 AB - Exercise, a behavior that is inherently associated with energy metabolism, impacts the molecular systems important for synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. This implies that a close association must exist between these systems to ensure proper neuronal function. This review emphasizes the ability of exercise and other lifestyle implementations that modulate energy metabolism, such as diet, to impact brain function. Mechanisms believed to interface metabolism and cognition seem to play a critical role with the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) system. Behaviors concerned with activity and metabolism may have developed simultaneously and interdependently during evolution to determine the influence of exercise and diet on cognition. A look into our evolutionary past indicates that our genome remains unchanged from the times of our hunter-gatherer ancestors, whose active lifestyle predominated throughout almost 100% of humankind's existence. Consequently, the sedentary lifestyle and eating behaviors enabled by the comforts of technologic progress may be reaping "revenge" on the health of both our bodies and brains. In the 21st century we are confronted by the ever-increasing incidence of metabolic disorders in both the adult and child population. The ability of exercise and diet to impact systems that promote cell survival and plasticity may be applicable for combating the deleterious effects of disease and ageing on brain health and cognition. FAU - Vaynman, Shoshanna AU - Vaynman S AD - Department of Neurosurgery and Physiological Science and Brain Injury Research Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. FAU - Gomez-Pinilla, Fernando AU - Gomez-Pinilla F LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Review PL - United States TA - J Neurosci Res JT - Journal of neuroscience research JID - 7600111 RN - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) SB - IM MH - Aging MH - Animals MH - Brain/*physiology MH - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism MH - Cognition/*physiology MH - Energy Metabolism/*physiology MH - Exercise/physiology MH - Humans MH - Learning/physiology MH - *Life Style MH - Models, Biological MH - Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology RF - 119 EDAT- 2006/07/25 09:00 MHDA- 2006/10/25 09:00 CRDT- 2006/07/25 09:00 PHST- 2006/07/25 09:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2006/10/25 09:00 [medline] PHST- 2006/07/25 09:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1002/jnr.20979 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Neurosci Res. 2006 Sep;84(4):699-715. doi: 10.1002/jnr.20979.